- The Complete Research Material is averagely 52 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the The Bacteria Associated With Urinary Tract Infect In Pregnant Women In University Of Uyo Teaching Hospital Akwa Ibom State Nigeria. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 18, 2015 to March 25, 2015. Clean-catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 186 pregnant women using sterile containers.The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 14%. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent (73%). Escherichia coli (34.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (19.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.4%), and Klebsiella spp. (11.5%) were common bacterial isolates, where most of them were resistant against ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim– sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance (resistance in 2 drugs) was seen in 100% of the isolated bacteria. A majority of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and gentamicin. Therefore, the early routine detection of causative agents of UTI and determining their drug susceptibility pattern are important for pregnant women to avoid complications in mother and fetus. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and erythromycin can be used with great care for the empirical treatment of UTI.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common health problem among pregnant women (Saidi et al ,2005). This usually begins in week 6 and peaks during week 22 to 24 of pregnancy due to a number of factors including ureteral dilatation, increased bladder Volume and decreased bladder tone. Along with decreased ureteral tone which contributes to increased urinary stasis and ureterovesical reflux (chaliha et al, 2002). Up to 70% of pregnant women develop glyucosuria, which encouraged bacteria growth in the urine (AI. Issa, 2009). It may manifest as Asympromatic bacteriuria (ASB) or symptomic Bacteriuria (SB). The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria UTI has been previously reported to be 2% to 13% in pregnant women (Delzell et al, 2000). Compared with that of symptomatic Bacteriuria in (UTI) which occur in 1-18% during pregnancy. Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy may cause complications such as Pyelonephritis, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, anaemia, chronic renal failure premature delivery and foetal mortality.
(Dwyer, et al 2002). The incidence of these complications can be decreased by treating promptly Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) and Symptomatic (SB) during pregnancy due to the potential adverse sequelea of Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Most clinic perform routine urinalysis of midstream urine specimen during one or more antenatal clinic (ANC) visits (Smaill 2007). However, culture and antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing are needed for surveillar purposes to guide the clinician on the proper management and prevent empirical treatment of pregnant women with (ASB) and (SB).
A limited spectrum of organisms cause UTI and these include Escherichia Coli, which accounts for the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infection Isolates. (crupta, et al, 2001). Others are Staphylococcus Saprophyticus, Klebsiella Spp, Proteus Spp, Enterococcus Spp and Enterobacter Spp (Massinde, , et al 2009).
Data on the current distribution and antimicrobial Isolates from pregnant women in Tanania is limited .
Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of microbial pathogen within the urinary tract and it is usually classified by the infection site, bladder (Cystitis), kidney (Pyelonephritis or urine (Bacteria) and also can be a Asymptomatic or symptomatic (UTI) that occur in a normal genitourinary tract with no prior instrumentation are considered as “Uncomplication” whereas “Complicated” Infections are diagnosed in genitourinary tracts that have structural or functional abnormalities Urethral catheters, and are frequently asymptomatic (3,4) (kriptke, 2005).
It has been estimated that globally symptomatic (UTIS) result in as many as 7 millions visits to out patient clinic, 1 million visits to emergency departments, and 100,000 hospitalization annually (5) (chin et al 2011).
Many different microorganisms can cause urinary tract infection (UTIS), though the most common pathogens causing the simple ones in the community are Esherichia Coli and other Enterobacteriacae,which accounts approximately 75% of the isolates (Kebira et al, 2009).
In complicated Urinary tract infections and hospitalized patients, organisms such as Enterococcuss Faecalis and Highly resistant, gram-ve rods including Pseudomoinas Spp. are comparatively more common. The relative frequency of the pathogens varies depending upon age, sex, catheterization and hospitalization.
Urinary tract infection cases is often started empirically an therapy is based on information determined from the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the urinary pathogen. However, a large proportion of uncontrolled antibiotic usage has contributed to the emergency of resistant bacterial Infections (7-10). As a result, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among urinary track has been increasing world wide. (Biadglegene. et al, 2009).
Associated resistance i.e, the fact that a bacterium resistant to one antibiotics is often much more likely to be resistant to other antibiotics, drastically decreases the chances of getting a second empirical attempt right. Resistance rates to the most common prescribe drugs used in the treatment of (UTI) vary considerably in different areas, world-wide. The estimation of local etiology and susceptibility profile could support the most effective empirical treatment. Therefore, investigating epidemiology of (UTIS), the prevalence risk factors, are bacterial isolates and antibiotics sensitivity is fundamental for care givers and health planner to guide the expected intervention.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1. The aim to determine the bacterial profile of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending at antenatal
2. To determine the prevalence of significant bacteriuria
3. To determine the sensitive of common bacterial isolates
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR PHARMACOLOGY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATIONS OF THE ISOLATED COMPOUND OBTAINED FROM THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF Tridax procumbens Linn.
» ABSTRACT Tridax procumens Linn is a tropically distributed medicinal plant of the family Aseteracceae. The plant bears daisy like yellow centered whit...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
2. AWARENESS, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS TO ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING IN NNEWI NORTH L.G.A, ANAMBRA STATE.
» ABSTRACT This descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted on healthcare professionals working at different healthcare facilities in Nnewi North L...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
3. PHARMACOGNOSTIC PARAMETERS OF THE LEAVES OF BREONADIA SALICINA (RUBIACEAE)
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0: INTRODUCTION 1.1: PHARMACOGNOSY A GENERAL OVERVIEW Pharmacognosy, the modern science of natural medicines, is based on traditional me...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
4. NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHOD
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION In the early days, human societies had creation of as many children as possible, a central value. ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
5. ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Zea mays HUSK IN RATS
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, botanical drugs or natural drugs are plants that have similar p...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
6. THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA
» ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Contraceptives are drugs or device used to prevent a woman from being pregnant and also used to protect men and women from sexu...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
7. COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF METHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROL
» ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to comparatively study the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Citrus auranti...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
8. FACTORS INFLUENCING UTILIZATION OF PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION(PMTCT) SERVICE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTI-NATAL CLINIC IN UNIVE...
» CHAPTER ONE Introduction Background to the Study Everyday, approximately 5,000 women are newly infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and m...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
9. CAUSES, MANAGEMENT AND PERCEPTION OF BREAST CANCER AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS( CASE STUDY; FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE IN DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY,ABRAKA, DELT...
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and the leading cause of cancer morbidity and ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
10. PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ASPIRIN
» ABSTRACT The question on whether aspirin has any important role to play or not has generated a lot of controversies over years especially among the in...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT