CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Tuberculosis is a problem of global importance among communicable diseases. It is second leading disease causing death worldwide killing nearly 2 million people each year in Nigeria.  Non-compliance of patients on tuberculosis treatment in an irregular and unreliable way has greatly caused risk of treatment failure, relapse and the development of drug-resistance tuberculosis strains. There are varieties of reasons why patients fail to take their medications. The center for disease control (2008) states the following:

·        The patients compliant is that medicines  must be taken with empty stomach to facilitate absorption. This can be difficult for patients to follow especially waking  up an hour earlier than usual everyday just to take medicine  on empty stomach.

·        Another complains is the size of tablet

·        Side-effect of the drugs can lead to patients not complying to their treatment.

·        Issues on denial, stigmatization, emotional distress, cultural and life-style  factors make patients not to take their treatment.

·        Poverty, transportation, religion and attitude of health workers contribute to non-compliance of patients on tuberculosis treatment.

Non-compliance of patient on tuberculosis treatment is a serious problem for national tuberculosis control programs ()2007 states that this case tens   to have higher morbidity and mortality rate compared with those who are not cured also they remain infections for prolonged period of time, hence affected patient continues to transmit the disease in the community.

       World Health Organization (2009). Has estimated that 2 billion people have latent tuberculosis disease which has killed 1.7 million people in Nigeria. In Nigeria, 81% patients are non-compliance to  treatment for more than one month before presenting at chest dinks. The patients visit traditional leaders and have low level knowledge about the disease or due to high cost of treatment, transportation and poverty. World health organization (2013)reposted world wild that some countries like south Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Malaysia, Ghana, china, united states of America, Canada were implementing the direct observed treatment short worse strategy by the end of 20013.

World health organization 2015) currently recommend a case detection rate4 of 70% and a treatment success  rate of 85% for all tuberculosis cases’ it is believed that achieving these target will lead to a reduction in tuberculosis prevalence incidence, transmission and drug resistance to tuberculosis treatment.

This study was conducted to de4termine the non-compliance of tuberculosis in Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Imo State.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Despite the global effort  to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis worldwide through mass media, there is  still non-compliance to treatment which may b e due to the bulkiness of the drugs with empty stomach . Noticing the incidence of tuberculosis on or thorax and other  clinics motivates the research to carry out a research to determine the reasons for non-compliance of patients to tuberculosis treatment.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The objective of this study includes:

To as cetin the knowledge of people about tuberculosis cause and its effects.

To find the cause of patients not complyi9ng to their treatment

To identify the knowledge of patients based on the importance of complying to treatment.

 To identify strategies for improvement of patients acceptance of care and treatment tuberculosis.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

To the client:

The study will help the individual to have the knowledge on health investigation and screening in order to indicate the early signs and symptoms

It will also help the patient to know the importance of treatment given to them.

To the family

It will help the family member to have the knowledge on the cause & prevention of tuberculosis

To the community

This will educate people on the importance of good personal and environmental hygiene and also avoid over-crowding.

To the country

It will reduce mostly and morbidity rate in the county.

To the health worker

It will help the health care provider  to have adequate knowledge on the management and treatment of the patient.

1.5  RESEARCH QUESTION

1.6  WHAT ARE THE KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF PEOPLE ABOUT TUBERCULOSES DISEASE ITS CAUSE AND ITS EFFECTS?

What are the causes of patients not complying  importance of complying to their treatment?

What are the  strategies for improvement of patients acceptance of care and treatment of tuberculosis?

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION  OF TERMS

Tuberculosis: a communicable disease that is caused by my co bacterium tuberculosis.

Investigation: finding or searching for more  information.

Infectious patients: people threat harbor infections caused by micro- organisms.

Infection: the presence and growth of an micro-organisms that produce tissue –damage

Epidemic: this is the presence of a disease which affects a large number of populations in a definite territory.        

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