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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title Page - - - - - - - - - i
Certification - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - iv
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - v
List of Tables - - - - - - - - - x
List of Figures - - - - - - - - - xi
Abstract - - - - - - - - - xii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Aim and Objectives - - - - - - - 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Composition and Utilization of Biogas - - - - 4
2.1 Types of Feedstock/Substrates for Biogas Production - - 6
2.1.1 Process and Microorganism involved in Anaerobic digestion- - 8
2.2 Factors affecting Biogas production - - - - - 12
2.3 Methods of Improving Biogas yield - - - - - 17
2.4 Zea mays and Citrollus colocynthis - - - - - 24
2.4.1 Zea mays - - - - - - - - 24
2.4.2 Citrollus colocynthis - - - - - - - 26
2.5 Biogas Production - - - - - - - 28
2.6 Costus afer - - - - - - - - 29
CHAPTER THREE
Materials and Method
3.1 Materials - - - - - - - - 31
3.1.1 Culture Media/Reagents used - - - - - 31
3.1.2 Aseptic Procedure and Sterilization - - - - - 31
3.1.3 Materials Used - - - - - - - 31
3.2 Methods - - - - - - - - 32
3.2.1 Experimental Design - - - - - - - 32
3.2.2 Sample Collections/Processing - - - - - 34
3.2.3 Pretreatment of Melon Husk - - - - - - 34
3.3 Determination of Total Solid (TS) and volatile Solid (VS) - - 35
3.3.1 Total and Volatile Solid Determination - - - - 35
3.3.2 Digestion of Substrates - - - - - - 35
3.4 Isolation of Heterotrophic Bacteria - - - - - 36
3.5 Isolation of Anaerobic Bacteria - - - - - 37
3.6 Characterization of Bacterial Isolates - - - - 27
3.6.1 Gram Staining - - - - - - - - 38
3.6.2 Motility Test - - - - - - - - 38
3.6.3 Catalase Test - - - - - - - - 39
3.6.4 Oxidase Test - - - - - - - - 39
3.6.5 Indole Test - - - - - - - - 39
3.6.6 Citrate Test - - - - - - - - 40
3.6.7 Carbohydrate Utilization Test - - - - - - 40
3.6.8 Spore Staining - - - - - - - - 41
3.7 Biogas Measurement - - - - - - - 41
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results - - - - - - - - 42
4.1 Microbial Count of Substrates and Digestates - - - 42
4.2 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates - - 45
4.3 Volatile and total Solid Content of Substrates and Digestates - 47
4.4 Biogas Yield from Zea mays and Citrollus colocynthis- - - 50
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion - - - - - - - - 53
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendation - - - - - 55
References - - - - - - - - 56
Appendix - - - - - - - - 61
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Morphological
and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates - 46
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1: Experimental Design for Anaerobic Digestion of Waste for Biogas
Production - - - - - - - 32
Fig. 2: Total Heterotrophic and Anaerobic Bacterial Counts of Maize chaff and Untreated Melon Seed Husk Waste - - - - - 43
Fig. 3: Total Heterotrophic and Anaerobic Bacterial Counts of Maize chaff and Treated
Melon Seed Husk Waste - - - - - - 44
Fig. 4: Total and Volatile Composition of Untreated Waste - - - 48
Fig. 5: Total and Volatile Composition of Treated Waste - - - 49
Fig. 6: Biogas production from Untreated Waste - - - - 51
Fig. 7: Biogas production from Treated Waste - - - - 52
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