- The Complete Research Material is averagely 70 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was carried out in four farming communities in Aniocha North Local Government Area of Delta State of Nigeria, Idumuogo, Ogodor, Anioma and Ubulubu – between November 2008 and March 2009.
The study was carried out to determine the current status of Onchocerciasis in the communities, through the study of the clinical manifestations of the disease and socio-economic effects on the sufferers, and to connect on the ongoing control measures with ivermectin in the area.
A total of 450 subjects were selected for examination for clinical manifestation of Onchocerciasis. 140 (31.1%) males, and 104 (23.1%) females were found to be infected with one or two clinical manifestations. Although infections were found in all age groups, it occurred mostly in older groups. Various rates of clinical manifestation were recorded thus: leopard skin 106 (24%), Onchocercal nodules 32 (7.1%), Onchodermatitis 51 (11.3%), itching 50 (11.1%) and impaired vision 18 (4.0%) with Idumuogo and Ubulubu, having the highest infections rates of 114 (25.3%) and 76 (16.9%) respectively. Males were significantly more infected than females (X2 = 176.4, df = 24, P<0.01). From the result of the study, the communities surveyed can be said to be hypoendermic for Onchocerciasis with a nodular rate of 32 (7.1%).
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Onchocerciasis, also known as “river blindness” is a disease caused by a nematode filarial worm. Onchocerca volvulus, and is transmitted through the bites of an infected female blackfly (Similium species). The manifestations of onchocerciasis are predominantly
dermal, lymphatic and ocular in character. Dermal, manifestation include pruritis, lesions (papules, macules, urticaria, oedema, excoriatia
pustules, crusts, scaling ulceration, lichenification, pachydermia, Atrophy, pigmentary change leopard skin and others) Nodules, lymphatic
manifestations are in form of lymphadenopathy, lyphoedema and Hanging groin.
Ocular damages affect the conjunctiva, cornea, lens in form of cataract, Retina in form of pigment epithelial atrophy, cotton wool spots and Haemorrhages choroid and optic nerves in form of optic neuritis and optic atrophy (WHO, 1995).
Worldwide onchocerciasis is second to trachoma as a leading cause of blindness of infectious origin (Thylefors et al 1995). More than 100 million people worldwide are at risk of infection, 18 million people are infected, 800,000 people are visually impaired, 270,000 people are
2
already blind, 3.3 million of the people reside in Nigeria, where it is still regarded as a public health problem (WHO, 1995). Blindness which is the ultimate consequence of onchocerciasis renders the productive
segment of the community unproductive, and dependent on others. Also most fertile lands have been abandoned because of this disease, (Okolo et al, 2004).
Onchocerciasis in Nigeria is transmitted solely by members of the
Similium damnosum complex. They are widespread in the savanna forest, savanna mosaic and rainforest areas of Nigeria. S. damnosum, which breeds in large streams and rivers in the woody and open country
side, has been known to be common in the rocky sections of the river Niger and its tributaries (Eneanya and Nwaorgu, 2001). Maikaje et al
(2008) also found S. damnosum breeding along River Muvur and Uba, to habour infective Onchocerca volvulus microfilarae. In Mubi North and Hong Local Government Areas of Adamawa State. Okonkwo et al (1991)
found
S. damonsum breeding along the Oji River of Enugu State. Nwoke et al (1998) also carried out epidemiological studies of human onchocerciasis in rivers of Katsina Ala (tributary of Benue) Anambra and Oji Rivers (tributaries of River Niger), the Cross River and Imo River, the costal
3
areas of Rivers, Akwa-Ibom and Cross River States. The exposure of those rocks in the beds or side margins of these fast flowing rivers as well as numerous trailing vegetation create favourable breeding sites for
Similium damnosum complex. All these reports indicate that fast flowing river, rivulets and streams, favours the breeding of blackfly.
A Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis carried out in nine sentinel villages in Edo/Delta (Okhoromi, Ugbokogbe, Oke, Ovao, Ekilor, Eko-Ibadan, Idumuogo, Agbor Alidinma and Igbogili) recorded a
prevalence of 40.4% of microfilaria infection, 18.9% of nodules and 7.7% of leopard skin, led to choosing Delta State as an endemic state with
sufficiently important public health problem to warrant community wide ivermectin treatment, where the prevalence of microfilaria is greater than
40%, (WHO, 1991). Offor et al (1998) trapped blackflies exposed on human legs between 0600 hours and 18 hours local time in Okpanam (River Awai) and Ogwashuku (River Mgbiligba) of Delta State and
blackflies were likely forest S. yahense.
The aim of the present study is to determine the current status of onchocerciasis in selected communities in Aniocha North Local Government Area of Delta State.
4
The specific objectives include:
1. To define the prevalence of onchocercal nodules in the communities
2. To define the prevalence of dermatitis in the communities.
3. To define prevalence of leopard skin in the communities and other clinical manifestations in the communities. It is hoped that the result will provide useful information on the success of the ongoing control programme with ivermectin in these areas.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR MICROBIOLOGY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF Jatropha tanjorensis ON HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF MALE ALBINO WISTAR RATS
» ABSTRACT The study was carried out to determine the effects of ethanol leaves extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on haematological indices of mature albi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 80 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
2. ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINE AND ALCOHOL DISINFECTANTS
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Antiseptics and disinfectants are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings fo...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
3. BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SACHET WATER SOLD IN OWERRI METROPOLIS
» ABSTRACT Water is one of the indispensable resources for the continued existence of all living things including man. The provision of an adequate supp...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
4. DETECTION OF HEPATITIS C AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PRISON INMATES AND PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT There is high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C among individuals with psychotic disorders due to lifestyle factors and prisoners globall...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 100 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
5. DETERMINATION OF DEGRADING ABILITY OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM HYDROCARBON POLLUTED SOIL ON CRUDE OIL USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
» CHAPTER ONE1.1INTRODUCTIONCrude oils are composed of mixtures of paraffin, alicylic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Microbial communities exposed to hydroc...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
6. ONION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MICRO-ORGANISMS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF CAUSING SPOILAGE.
» ABSTRACT Onion is associated with micro organisms which are capable of causing spoilage. Onions with rots were examined microscopically. A solution of...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
7. MICROBIAL EXAMINATION OF SPOILT AVOCADO FRUIT
» ABSTRACT Microbial examination of spoilt Avocado fruits was carried out to obtained the causal organism. A total of 60 avocado from Ogbete Main market...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
8. THE IDENTIFICATION OF PREVALENCE MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH FROZEN FISH MARKETED IN OWERRI METROPOLIS
» ABSTRACT Aquaculture products can harbour pathogenic bacteria, which are of the natural micro flora of the environment. An in vitro assay was carried ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
9. DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOMASPECIES IN CENTRAL RIVER REGION OF THE GAMBIA
» ABSTRACT A study on schistosomiasis infection was carried out among students, farmers and fishers (fishermen/women) from four villages in the Central ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 100 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
-
10. DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE BASED BIOSTIMULANT FOR THE REMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL
» ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 60 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT