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ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin M1 is a biomarker of aflatoxin B1 which is detected in breast milk, a possible
risk factor for infant early exposure to Aflatoxin. Aflatoxin M1(AFM1) is a measure of
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure among lactating mothers.Qualitative and quantitative
analyses of breast milk samples were carried out by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC). Also structured questionnaire was used to determined socio
demographic factors of lactating mothers and the type of food they consumed after 72hrs.
Samples collected at General Sani Abacha Specialist Hospital Damaturu Yobe State
Nigeria showed the occurrence of AFM1 among 100 tested lactating mothers breast milk,
82% of the breast milk samples contained Aflatoxin M1. The occurrence of 93% of
AFM1 excreted in their urine shows exposure to the toxin for a short time period. The
study showed that male infants had higher percentage of 78.1% exposure and saliva
secretion of 81.3% due to male may probable tend to consume more volumes of breast
milk than the female.Structured questionnaire was used along side with analytical
analysis to determine urinary excretion of AFM1 among lactating mothers and it showed
that unemployed mothers had 100% exposure compared to the employed mothers
(46.1%) with statistically significant difference. Informal education and primary school
leavers had highest exposure of 100% AFM1;the educational qualification of lactating
mothers is significantly associated with secretion of AFM1 in breast milk, the highest
was informal education AFM1 excreted in urine of lactating mothers within 72hrs of food
consumption, showed 97.1% of mothers that took milk were exposed, meat: 100% were
exposed, corn meal: 93.4% exposed, also, date: 93%, ‗Brabisko/Biski‘: 30.6%, imported
vii
rice :77.7%, native rice: 93.4% occurrence taken( p< 0.05) . In relation to some selected
socio-demographic factors, the highest exposure concentration occurred among the
unemployed and age bracket 18-25 and 34-41 with 0.07µg/L. In the case of excretion in
urine, 0.05µg/L AFM1 was detected among unemployed study participants with lower
concentration among the age of 42 and above having 0.04 µg/L.The 100 tested infants
s
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