- The Complete Research Material is averagely 52 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
This project is focused on experimental analysis of impact of water jet on vanes. This work intends to predict the output of a pelton wheel, and to determine its optimum rotational speed. Hence this work explains how the deflection of the jet generates a force on the buckets, and how the force is related to the rate of momentum flow in the jet. In this experiment, we measure the force generated by a jet of water striking a flat plate or a hemispherical cup, and compare the results with the computed momentum flow rate in the jet. The experiment is shown in the arrangement, in which water supplied from the Hydraulic Bench is fed to a vertical pipe terminating in a tapered nozzle. This produces a jet of water which impinges on a vane, in the form of a flat plate or a hemispherical cup
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the impact force of fluids. For example, the Pelton wheel has been used to make flour. Further, the impulse turbine. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings. Many other applications of fluid jets can be cited which reveals their technological importance. This experiment is designed to study the force that can be impacted by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow (Khurmi, 2010).
The history of the equipment “impact of jet apparatus” is traced back to the 19thcentury. The apparatus is used to demonstrate the way a certain type of water turbine, the pelton wheel can extract water from a fast jet of water, which is similar to the way in which a space craft increases or decreases its kinetic energy by swinging around a moving plant. Nevertheless, water turbines are used to generate power like in pelton wheel produced by an American engineer Lester A Pelton. Engineer Lester Pelton was born in the year 1892 in Vermilion Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie. The invention came about when water was an under used resource and before electricity was economically practical as a motive power. The first turbine built by pelton was in Campton Ville. In Campton Ville, by the time search for gold progressed, which required power to drive stamp mills that crush the ore and pump air into mine turnnels and later to provide electricity and compressed air. Some mines used steam engines but these required a large and constant supply of fire wood. Therefore, instead of the slow water wheel traditionally used by flour mills which needed only a moderate height but used a large quantity of water, even mine owners installed turbine wheels with cups around their circumference with a fast jet of water coming from a reservoir high up (Moth, 2009).
Pelton invention started from an accidental observation when he was watching a spinning water turbine when the key holding its wheel onto its shaft slipped causing it to be misaligned. Instead of the jet hitting the wheel at the middle, the slip made it hit near the edge thus causing the wheel to spin faster. It is known that the Pelton wheel is suitable for conditions which require a 100m head of water and a flow rate which could be used to develop about 900kW of power. Over 40 years ago, the concept of performing simple experiments in hydraulics on hydraulic bench was first introduced in the University of Notingham, since then, hydraulic bench has been in use to conduct experiments with the impact of jet apparatus.
Moreover, there is need to understand how the deflection of a jet generates a force on the buckets and also to know how the force is related to the rate of change of momentum in the jet before a prediction could be made on the use of Pelton wheel (Orga and Ujam, 2005).
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this project is to investigate the impact of jet apparatus. Hence, the objectives are as follows;
1. To experiment, demonstrate and verify the integral momentum equation. The force generated by a jet of water deflected by an impact surface is measured.
2. To study the relation between the force produced and the change of momentum when a jet strikes a vane and compare between force exerted by a jet on a flat plate and hemispherical surface.
3. To examine the momentum transfer (ergo, force transmitted) from a fluid to object of various forms. In particular, the study looks at the momentum transfer as a function of the angle through which the fluid stream was deflected. By varying a fluid stream’s deflection angle, up to twice the original momentum of the stream can be transferred to the object.
4. To demonstrate the applicability of Newton’s law of motion to a fluid, to investigative the effect of a jet flow on different shaped targets, comparing the theoretical predictions with actual measurements.
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
Impact of jet apparatus is used in the laboratory to demonstrate the way in which fluid force is being used to generate a force that can turn a turbine; that is converting the kinetic energy in a flowing fluid from a nozzle to a rotary motion of the turbine with the help of vanes fitted o shaft of the turbine.
The jet is directed to vane of turbine wheel that is rotated by the force generates due to change of momentum of the fluid according to Newton’s second law of motion.
The principle is used in designing impulse turbine; part of the fluid energy is transformed to kinetic energy in a nozzle that issues a jet of fluid at high speed. Impulse turbine have been constructed to generate power up to 100-mega watt or more with efficiencies greater than 85%.
In the impact of jet apparatus, a jet of water issuing from a nozzle strikes a target. The force generated equals the rate of change of the linear momentum particulars from the jet.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. FABRICATION OF A POLYTHIENE BAG SEALING AND CUTTING MACHINE
» ABSTRACT This machine is meant for sealing and cutting of nylon bag of different sizes. This machine is operated with electrical system. This machine ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
2. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTRIC PRESSURIZED KEROSENE STOVE
» ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 29 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
3. IMPLEMENTING TOTAL PRODUCTION MAINTENANCE IN NIGERIA MANUFACTURING COMPANY (DELTA STEEL COMPANY AS A CASE STUDY)
» ABSTRACT Companies around the world spend a lot of money on buying new equipment to increase production but a little is done to get hundred percent ou...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 93 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
4. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A METAL BOOKSHELF
» ABSTRACTKnowledge could only be obtained successfully by the use of book for research but unfortunately because of hard times, books have become very ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
5. REHABILATATION OF HOWARD ROTARY SLASHER
» TABLE OF CONTENT Cover page Title page Declaration page Acknowledgement Abstract Table of content Chapter one Introduction Background of study Stateme...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 31 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
6. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SPIN DRYER
» ABSTRACTThis work is aimed at designing and fabricating a spin dryer which can be used in drying spent grains after brewing. This will no doubt save c...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
7. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR WATER HEATER FOR DOMESTIC USE
» CHAPTER ONE 1.1INTRODUCTION Flat plate collectors for solar water heat were population in Florida and southern California in the 1920s. Photo type Isr...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 41 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
8. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF A FAULTY DEEP FREEZER IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
» ABSTRACTMechanical Engineering Department of the Institute of Management and Technology has many non " functional machines. This is caused as a result...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
9. CEMENT MANUFACTURING /PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF EDO CEMENT FACTORY, UKPILLA, EDO STATE.
» ABSTRACT The project studied the manufacture of cement production in Nigeria using Ukpilla as a case study. It enables us to compare the differences b...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
-
10. IDENTIFYING AND REPAIRING THE FAULTS(S) OF AN EXISTING SOLAR SECURITY LIGHT IN FRONT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
» TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page i Declaration ii Approval Page iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v Table of Content vi List of Table Notations and abbrevi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 38 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT