ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the study was to investigate family variables and students’ academic performance in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State.  To achieve the purpose of the study, four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literature was reviewed according to the hypotheses generated to direct the study. Ex-postfacto research design was adopted for the study. The essence of the design was not to allow the research have manipulations over variables. A total sample of two hundred (200) Students was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. This was to give every member of the population area equal and independent opportunity of being selected for the study. The questionnaire and Social Studies Achievement Test were the main instruments used for data collection. The instruments were subjected to face and content validation by the supervisors and experts in measurement and evaluation in the Faculty of Education, University of Calabar. The reliability estimate of the instruments was established through test retest reliability method. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was considered the most appropriate statistical technique employed to test the hypotheses. This was because of the nature of variable involved in the study. The 0.05 level of significance was used for the statistical testing of each hypothesis with critical values and degree of freedom. The result of the analysis revealed that home environment, parental involvement, parenting style and parent workload significantly relate to students’ academic performance. Based on the findings, recommendations and suggestions for further studies were made as reflected in the last chapter of this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i.                    CERTIFICATION     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           I

ii.                  DECLARATION       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           II

iii.                DEDICATION           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           III

iv.                ACKNOWLEDGEMENT     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           IV

v.                  ABSTRACT   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           VI

vi.                TABLE OF CONTENTS       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           VII

vii.              LIST OF TABLES     -           -           -           -           -           -           --          -           IX       

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION        -           -           -           -           -           -           1         

1.1              Background of the study         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           1

1.2              Theoretical framework           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           5

1.3              Statement of the problem       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           8

1.4              Purpose of the study   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           9

1.5              Research questions     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           10

1.6              Research Hypotheses -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           10

1.7              Assumptions of the study       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           11

1.8              Significance of the study1-     -           --          -           -           -           -           -           11

1.9              Delimitation/scope of the study          -           -           -           -           -           -           12

1.10          Limitations of the study          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           13

1.11          Definition of terms      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           13

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW       -           -           -           -           -           14

2.1       Home environment and academic performance         -           -           -           -           14

2.2       Parental involvement and students’ academic performance -           -           -           19

2.3       Parenting style and academic performance.   -           -           -           -           -           22

2.4       Parents workload and academic performance            -           -           -           -           -           25

2.5       Summary of Literature review.           -           -           -           -           -           -           27

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  -           -           -           -           29

3.1       Research Design         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           29

3.2       Area of study  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           30

3.3       Population of the study           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

3.4       Sampling technique    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

3.5       Sample of the population        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

3.6       Instrumentation           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           32

3.6.1    Validity of the instrument       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           33

3.6.2    Reliability of the instrument   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           33

3.7       Procedure for Data collection -           -           -           -           -           -           -           34

3.8       Data preparation and scoring -           -           -           -           -           -           -           35

3.9       Procedure for Data Analysis   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           35

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS     -           -           -          -         37

4.1       Presentation of results and Interpretation.     -           -           -           -           -         37

4.2       Summary of the findings        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           41

4.3       Discussion of the findings      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           42

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -      47

5.1       Summary of the study -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           47

5.2       Conclusion      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           48

5.3       Recommendations      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           49

5.4       Suggestions for further study -           -           -           -           -           -           -           50

References.     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           51

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:          Obubra Local Government Education Authority public

and private secondary schools.           -           -           -           -           -           32

Tables 2:         Test retest reliability result (N=20)    -           -           -           -           -           34

Table 3:          Pearson Moment correlation of relationship between

home enrolment and academic performance (N=200) -         -           -           38

Table 4:          Pearson moment correlation of relationship between

parental involvement and academic performance (N=200)   -           -           39

Table 5:          Pearson moment correlation of relationship between

parenting style and academic per

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