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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Justification of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Limitations of the Study
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Organization of the Study
1.8 Research Methodology
1.9 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.2 The Art of Playwriting
2.3 Overview of the Obolo Society
2.4 The Nwaotam Traditional Festival
2.5 The Nwaotam Festival and Contemporary Theatre :A Review
CHAPTER THREE: THE PROCESSES
3.1 Consultation
3.2 Gathering of Information
3.3 Developing the Ideas into a Script
3.4 Writing the Script
CHAPTER FOUR: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
4.1 Professional Challenges
4.2 Cultural Challenges
4.3 Social Challenges
4.4 Translational Challenges
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
Works Cited
Appendices
ABSTRACT
This work focuses on experimental script development and writing In Obolo language using Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo people of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The aim is to bring to light the Nwaotam traditional festival of the Obolo people and its potential as a device for script development using indigenous theatre resources. This study not only projects the dynamics of the Obolo culture but will also preserve the culture in its wholeness and aesthetics. The adopted methodology for this study is the historical method of research by documenting the Nwaotam festival, and the experimental method of research by creating a script on the festival employing the Obolo language. The major study instrument will employ qualitative instrument including interviews, focus groups and archival materials that reflects the history, tradition and culture of the people of Eastern Obolo. This study is expected to contribute to knowledge in its pioneering role in the use of Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in creating scripts as well as project the role of culture in Contemporary Nigerian Theatre.
ABSTRACT
This work focuses on experimental script development and writing in Obolo language, using Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo people of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The aim is to bring to light the Nwaotam traditional festival of the Obolo people and its potential as a device for script development using indigenous theatre resources. This study not only projects the dynamics of the Obolo culture but will also preserve the culture in its wholeness and aesthetics. The adopted methodology for this study is the historical method of research by documenting the Nwaotam festival, and the experimental method of research by creating a script on the festival employing the Obolo language. The major study instrument will employ qualitative instrument including interviews, focus groups and archival materials that reflects the history, tradition and culture of the people of Eastern Obolo. This study is expected to contribute to knowledge in its pioneering role in the use of Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in creating scripts as well as project the role of culture in Contemporary Nigerian Theatre.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i
Certification - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vii
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Justification of the Study - - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.5 Limitations of the Study - - - - - - - - 5
1.6 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - - 5
1.7 Organization of the Study - - - - - - - - 6
1.8 Research Methodology - - - - - - - - 7
1.9 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - - - 8
2.1.1 Cultural Criticism Theory - - - - - - - - 9
2.1.2 Semiotics - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
2.2 The Art of Playwriting - - - - - - - - - 14
2.3 Overview of the Obolo Society - - - - - - 21
2.4 The Nwaotam Traditional Festival - - - - - - 26
2.4.1 Nwaotam Songs and Social History - - - - - 31
2.4.2 The Power of Otam - - - - - - - - - 32
2.4.3 Mythologies of Nwaotam Masquerade - - - - 34
2.4.4 Religious Significance of Nwaotam - - - - - 36
2.5 The Nwaotam Festival and Contemporary Theatre:
A Review - - - - - - - - - - - - 38
CHAPTER THREE: THE PROCESSES
3.1 Consultation - - - - - - - - - - - - 41
3.2 Gathering of Information - - - - - - - - 43
3.3 Developing the Ideas into a Script - - - - - - 45
3.4 Writing the Script - - - - - - - - - - 47
CHAPTER FOUR: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
4.1 Professional Challenges - - - - - - - - 49
4.2 Cultural Challenges - - - - - - - - - - 51
4.3 Social Challenges - - - - - - - - - - 53
4.4 Translational Challenges - - - - - - - - 55
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - 59
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - 60
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - 61
Works Cited - - - - - - - - - - - - 63
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The dramatist, who is also referred to as the Playwright holds the key in play creation. To create a good play, the playwright or dramatist should be a person who is good in observation. He should also understand words in their connotative and denotative form and should be able to absorb raw materials from his environment that he or she will use in creating his or her plays.
It is pertinent, therefore to note that a playwright is a product of his culture. The African writer cannot be caught up within the pleasure of writing or creating the works which propagate the notion, 'Of Art for Arts Sake '. His continent needs him to articulate the problems, pains, desires and aspirations of his people. He must, therefore finally admit the expansion process of the meaning of the word 'Culture ' as a subject and as life. He must admit that every modern historical Complexity of the African people is one that acknowledges the existence of cultural nationalism and trans-cultural admixture in all ramifications of the African existence. Culture is a strong source because as a phenomenon, no culture is superior to another. The process of script development is complex as there are steps as well as principles to be taken into consideration. Appreciating the complexity of culture however is a necessary starting point for the process of unpacking people's values and their intrinsic heritage. Gamble and Gamble, thus states that:
The cultural and local art forms in a community is learned and passed from generation to generation and the culture of a particular society is dynamic, people learn and embrace new ideas, new ways of behaving and new emerging trends. Every culture should be preserved for it is a society's distinct way of life. (4)
In the face of the threats to various cultures as a result of the incursion of foreign values and the massive onslaught of global, there is therefore an urgent need to protect and preserve indigenous cultures especially within Sub-Sahara Africa. One of the ways of preserving culture will be through the adaptation of cultural materials and elements into modern arts and creative pieces. Eagleton has said:
Culture is not some vague fantasy of fulfillment, but a set of potentials bred by history and subversively at work within it. (8)
This study is a step in that direction as it aims to expose the dynamics in Nwaotam festival as a resource material for modern playwriting.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The reason for the current neglect attitude shown towards the patronage of the indigenous cultures cannot be separated from civilization and advances in technology. People have a general attitude of branding indigenous cultures as being inferior and as a result, basically no one is interested in being identified with his or her culture anymore, not to talk of documenting the practices of his people. Most people have lost touch with salient cultural practices which had enriched the lives of our fore fathers and provided entertainment and relaxation as well as means of livelihood for people in the society. It therefore confirms the truth that our indigenous cultures have no place in the heart of the people, thereby making the Contemporary world to be aware of their existence and value. Therefore, there is a critical need for contemporary playwrights to return home and draw from indigenous artistic practices, customs and celebrations, to identify with their cultures and most importantly develop scripts that will birth the documentation of their indigenous cultures thereby leaving a lasting legacy for generations to come.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
It could be said that all human activities involved in different practices constitute culture. It is that which influences the way people think, reason, interact, and relate to each other in the society. These tenets render cultural backgrounds as indispensable determinants of a people's way of life. In view of this, there is need to revive the art of writing inspired by culture as it is widely said that the best way to preserve a culture is to preserve it in books. This study is justified by the need to revive cultural values, and identity through the documentation of Nwaotam festival in the form of a play for the future generation as well as projecting it for the appreciation of other people. If this is not done adequately and timely, there is a possibility that in the nearest future, the Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria will be extinct and future generations or indigenes of Obolo land may not get to find out the cultural art forms and traditions that distinguishes them.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study shall focus strictly on the processes of script writing and documentation of the Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It will also reveal the drone of the contemporary playwright in cultural documentation and preservation. Most importantly, it will high light the traditions of Nwaotam in Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study shall focus and will be limited to documenting the processes of Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria as well as bring to light the contemporary playwright and his role in culture preservation.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The demand for local art forms in every sphere of life is becoming increasingly orchestrated in artistic and scholarly circles. As it stands, indigenous cultures are more appreciated by foreigners now than before throughout the world. This has resulted in the research into the Nwaotam tradition of Eastern Obolo, Nigeria. This study is significant because it will properly serve as a pioneering research that will give birth to a scripted play based on the Nwaotam tradition. It will also serve as a strong promoter of culture and tradition of the people of Eastern Obolo. This work aims at presenting the playwright as a major contributor in the preservation of indigenous cultures. Apart from the festival itself, this study will provide guiding principles on how the festival should be further promoted as a relevant art institution and source of tourism in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK
This study is divided into five (5) chapters:
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