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ABSTRACT
Physical distribution channels has created a created a great impact
by bridging the gap between the producers and the final consumers. The
inability of farmers to effectively reach out to distance markets and
most final consumers with their agricultural products have resulted to
waste of resources in Boki local government area. The main objective of
the study is to find how best to market agricultural products in the
area. Primary and secondary data were collected through the use of
questionnaires and documented materials respectively. The population of
the study was 227,400, while the sample size was 399. Chi-square test
statistics was used to test the high hypotheses. Among the findings of
the study; in effective and high cost of transportation, lack of storage
facilities and basic infrastructure hindered the marketing of
agricultural products in the area. The researcher thus recommended the
provision of basic infrastructure like accessible road, storage
facilities and improved transport system among others to assist in
improving the marketing of agricultural products in the area.
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page..………………………………………………………………………i
Certification ………………………………………………….………………… ii
Dedication………………………………………………………..……………… iii
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….iv
Abstract.……………………………………………………………………….. viii
Table of contents.……………….………………………………………………. x
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………
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1.2 Stament of the problem…………………………………………………………
1.3 Objective of the study …………………………………………………
1.4 Research questions ……………………………………………………
1.5 Significance of the study………………………………………………
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study………………………………………
1.6 Definition of terms………………………………………………
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.
2.0 An over view of physical distribution………………………………
2.1 Nature and importance of physical distribution and marketing logistics.
2.2 Distribution channels for consumer products……………………………….
2.3 Objectives of channels of distribution…………………………………….
2.4 Functions of distribution channels…………………………………
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2.5 Selecting the type of channel………………………………………….
2.6 Distribution of agricultural produce in Nigeria…………………………
2.7 Impact of agricultural marketing in Nigeria………………………………
2.8 Factors that affect agricultural marketing in Nigeria…………………….
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Sources of data collection………………………………………….
3.1.1 Primary…………………………………………………………………
3.1.2 Secondary data…………………………………………………………
3.2 Population of the study…………………………………………………
3.3 Sample size determination…………………………………………
3.4 Sample technique…………………………………………………
3.5 Validity and reliability of the instrument………………………….
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3.6 Method of data analyses…………………………………………..
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction.
4.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………
4.1 Data analyses…………………………………………………
4.2 Test of hypotheses……………………………………………………
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings…………………………………………………
5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………
5.3 Recommendations…………………………………………………………
Bibliography………………………………………………
12
Appendix………………………………………………………
13
CHAPTER
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In
many marketing science, the effective management distribution of
product are essential to those that determine the extent of product
availability at consumption point. Channel analyses is important in
evaluating marketing system because it indicates how the various market
participants are organize to accomplish the movement of products from
the producer to the final consumer.
Distribution channel according to
Philip, Kotler and Garry Armstrong (1999:362) is viewed as an
interdependent organization involved in the process of making a product
or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business
user.
Channels of distribution are management tools used in moving
goods from the point of production to that of consumption. This function
of getting goods into the hands of consumers is often referred to as
„‟distribution„‟. Hence physical distribution involves planning,
implementing and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods
14
and related information from point of origin to point of consumption to meet customer requirements and satisfactorily.
Distribution
channels however, play major roles in the marketing of goods and in the
business sector as a whole. Williams {1984: 38} stated the following as
the usefulness or the importance of distribution channels to include:
firstly, it gives place utility i.e. by moving goods from one place to
another. Secondly, by bringing goods to the place of consumption when
needed, it adds time utility.
Also by bringing the goods to the
consumer in convenient shape, unit size and packaging, it adds
convenient value. Thirdly, by making it possible for consumers to obtain
goods at a price he is willing to pay and under condition which brings
satisfaction and ownership. Efficient and effective distribution system
is particularly essential in moving perishable products from the points
of production to the point of consumption due to the nature of the
products.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Physical distribution has
impacted greatly in ensuring that goods and services are made available
when and where they are desired and in safe
15
conditions. But due
to the rise in technological development and global marketing, the
process however, is not without problems as many companies and business
people still lack adequate physical distribution facilities leading to
the spoilage of these products before getting to their destination
points.
Appropriate strategies for efficient and effective
distribution of these products are required in distributing agricultural
products in Boki local government area.
In Boki L.G.A lack of
adequate and efficient distribution system has badly affected marketing
of perishable products in the area as many of them perish on their way
before getting to their consumption point.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The following are objectives of the study:
i. To determine the problems that affects the selection of channels of distribution for agricultural products.
ii. To identify the basic components of physical distribution of agricultural marketing used in the area.
16
iii. To identify physical distribution strategies necessary or applicable for perishable agricultural products
iv.
To make recommendation that could help to improve the efficient and
effective physical distribution of agricultural products.
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