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ABSTRACT
This study focused on the effects of proliferation of nuclear weapons
on the security of Algeria and Libya in the 21st Century. The study was
based on the non-equivalent control group research design and the
Center-periphery theory. The secondary methods of data collection and
qualitative descriptive method of data analysis were adopted. The study
therefore established that: (i) The Nuclear Weapons States’ (NWS)
requirements for uranium engendered trafficking in hazardous nuclear
materials and use of depleted uranium in Algeria and Libya. Activities
of NWS’ uranium companies prompted trafficking in nuclear materials and
security threats in Algeria. The U.S.- led NWS, deployed depleted
uranium-propelled B16-11 tactical nuclear bombs, on Libyan civilian
populations, during the 2011 Libyan civil war, in breach of treaty
obligations governing the conversion only for peaceful purposes, of
depleted uranium; (ii) The Algerian and Libyan governments acquired
nuclear weapons equipment in violation of the 1996 African Nuclear
Weapons Free Zone Treaty. Turn-key centrifuges, hot-cell facilities,
plutonium production plants, heavy water reactors, etc, were acquired in
violation of Article 3, subsections (a), (b), and (c) of the treaty,
and (iii) The nuclear weapons programmes undermined the sustainable
development of conventional military capacity and national security in
Algeria and Libya. Between 1993 and 2009, about $20 billion and $10
billion were committed to the nuclear weapons programmes by Algeria and
Libya, while between 1997 and 2011, there were 29% and 74% reductions in
conventional
military expenditure, both, respectively. These resulted into a low
combat-readiness, inadequate training, shortage of manpower, poor
maintenance and use of obsolete weapons, in both states. We recommended
adherence to safeguards by uranium companies and effective IAEA
monitoring regime to deter nuclear trafficking in Algeria and Libya. The
NWS that fired depleted uranium in Libya must be severely penalized.
Algeria and Libya should strengthen their conventional military capacity
and national security.
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