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ABSTRACT
Domestic Waste Disposal is any materials from plants and animals which cannot be recycle back into the environments or into the market for future use. This domestic waste management disposal is of national and international concern. From analysis in question 1 it is proved that ESWAMA helped to control and manage waste disposal in the society. The result of finding here indicates that ESWAMA was established to develop and implement policies of the management solid and liquid waste disposal on the people’s environment. This shows that illegal waste disposal is dangerous to health and environment. It is also indicated that improper waste disposal contribute to health problems. It remedies shows that waste management activities by the ESWAMA individual and families has a great impact to people’s health and environment.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The
generation and disposal of waste is an intrinsic part of any developing
society. Waste, both from domestic and commercial sources has grown
significantly in the society over the past decade. Every time a
householder shops at the store, and open market he contributes to the
mountain of waste. It is possible to quote figures which show that the
production of waste amounts to millions of tons. The percent of
Nigeria’s population living in cities and urban area has more than
doubled in the last 15 years.
According to Hornby (2005) domestic
waste is something that is not or no longer used and is to be thrown
away or disposed off. It is also any material lacking direct value to
the producer and so must be disposed.
The management of waste is a
matter of national and international concern. The cities, urban areas
experience continuous growth which contributes to enormous in generation
of solid and liquid waste.
According to Mowee (1990) there is no
doubt that a dirty environment affects the standard of living, aesthetic
sensibilities, health of the people and thus the quality of their
lives. The corollary is that improper disposal or storage of this waste
can constitute hazards to the society through the population of air,
land and especially water, Mowee (1988).
According to UK
Environmental Protection Act, (1990) hereinafter, EPA, defined waste as
“any substance which constitutes a scrap material or an effluent or
other unwanted surplus substance from application of any process”. Any
substance or article which requires to be disposed of as being broken,
worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled (75 EPA 1990).
Ilegbune
(1994) states that domestic waste includes that from domestic premises,
caravan sites residential homes, educational establishments (schools)
and nursing homes and (probably hospitals). It can be organic or
non-organic.
Waste management simply means the collection of
keeping, treatment and disposal of waste in such a way as render them
harmless to human and animal life, the ecology and environment
generally. Domestic waste management has become an area of major concern
in Nigeria today. It appears to be a loosing battle against the harmful
consequences of unguided waste and the attainment of clean healthy
environment for all Nigerians. It is common sight in Nigeria today to
see heaps/accumulation of festering waste dumps in our states, urban and
commercial cities.
Since the inception of the administration, there
have been concerted efforts to achieve sustainable waste management in
the state. The efforts culminated in the establishment of the Enugu
State Waste Management Agency (ESWAMA) in 2004. The Agency was set up to
replace defunct Enugu State Environmental Protection Agency (ENSEPA),
which failed to meet the challenges of modern day waste management. This
repositioning occurred to enable it give more focused service delivery
and to restore the past glory of Enugu State as a very clear city
through sound waste management.
ESWAMA was established to develop and
implement policies on the management of solid and liquid wastes that
would promote the health and well being of the people. The residents are
also required to pay approved sanitation rates through designated banks
in various zones, when presented with demand notice.
Nnamani (2000)
states that sanitation is an act of working out ways to improve the
health consideration of a given environment is necessary to overcome the
impact of man’s negative activities on the environment.
World Health
Organisation refers sanitation as the control of all those factors in
man’s physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious
effect on his physical development, health and survival.
According to
Nnamani (2000) Government intention on designating the last Saturday of
every month as a sanitation day is to tackle in serious manner the
insurmunting problem of ever-increasing waste generated from domestic,
commercial recreational and those from working offices.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Waste management
process in the society is the root development; no country or society
can develop in isolation of proper waste management, whereas, there is
indiscriminate disposal and dumping of waste in Enugu State. Now how
would this bad attitude could be controlled in the society.
Since
proper waste management is credible to create a change and impact on the
environment and peoples’ health how would people cooperate with the
effort of the ESWAMA as an agency and what could be peoples’ reaction
over their job.
ESWAMA as an agency has been empowered by the
government to check the illegal dumping of waste at roadsides,
enclosures, streams in neighbourhoods and drains. How would government
motivate them to carryout their job/responsibilities with dedicated
effort and without much stress, in order to promote healthcare and
environmental development in the society.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The objective of the study includes:
1 To discover the ability of the ESWAMA as an agency to control and manage waste disposal in the society.
2 To find out the effect of domestic waste disposal in the environment and peoples’ health.
3 To find out the effect of waste management process by ESWAMA.
4 To discover the solution to domestic waste disposal in the society.
5 To find out how government help to motivate ESWAMA in order to carryout their job objectively.
1.4 Research Questions
1 Does ESWAMA (Enugu State Waste Management Agency) help to control and manage waste disposal in the society?
2 Does improper waste disposal create any effect on the people’s health and environment?
3 Does Waste Management process or activities has any impact in peoples health and environment?
4 Does waste disposal in the environment/society has any solution?
5 Does government in any way help to motivate ESWAMA in order to carryout their job objectively?
1.5 Hypothesis
H1 ESWAMA help to control and manage waste disposal in the society.
Ho ESWAMA does not help to control and manage waste disposal in the society.
H2 Improper waste disposal creates effect on the peoples’ health and environment.
Ho Improper waste disposal does not create effect on the peoples’ health and environment.
H3 Waste management activities by the ESWAMA has a great impact to peoples’ health and environment.
Ho Waste management activities by the ESWAMA has no impact to peoples’ health and environment.
H4 Waste disposal in the environment has a solution/remedy.
Ho Waste disposal in the environment does not have solution/remedy.
H5 Government helps to motivate ESWAMA in order to carryout their job objectively.
Ho Government does not motivate ESWAMA in order to carryout their job objectively.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is restricted to Ngwo town in Enugu State.
1.7 Significance of the Study
Waste management by the ESWAMA has been credited with the ability to control and manage domestic waste disposal in the society.
As
the topic of the study implies “Domestic Waste Disposal, Effect and the
Solution in Enugu State”. Therefore, this study intend to find out the
effect of domestic waste disposal and how waste management is being
carried out by the ESWAMA through their activities (sanitation).
The
result of researches will enable the society to know the impact of
sanitation and embark on it, for health care. People will get to know
the value of ESWAMA in the society.
This study also indicate the
role of waste management in people’s health and environment thereby
improving health care and environmental sustainable development.
Now
that the much emphasis is been placed on the domestic waste disposal,
this study/work is most appropriate for it’s aim at finding out how
effective people react as a result of waste management in the society.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Domestic waste disposal
It
is any substance which constitutes a scrap material, an effluent or
unwanted surplus substance arising from the application of any process.
Effect A change produced by an action or a cause; a result or an outcome.
Solution
A way of solving a problem, dealing with a difficult situation.
Operational Definition
Domestic waste disposal
This is any material lacking directive value to people of Ngwo Town (Ngwo metropolis) and so must be disposed of.
Effect
A change produce through domestic waste disposal from Ngwo town metropolis.
Solution
A way of solving, controlling and managing domestic waste disposal of Ngwo town metropolis.
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