1.1 Shimfi]a

Matsayin harshe a rayuwar [an‟adam yana da matu}ar muhimmanci don duk inda ka sami

[an‟adam za a tarar yana da harshe wanda yake magana da shi don isar da sa}onsa ga „yan

uwansa masu jin wannan harshe. A harshen Hausa akwai kare-karen harshe wa]anda ake

amfani da su a takamaiman wani ~angare ko wata nahiya ko wani sashe na }asa. Don haka a

duk inda aka samu mutane, lallai za a tarar suna amfani da harshe domin gudanar da

harkokinsu na yau da kullum. A }o}arin cimma wannan buri ne sukan karya harshensu daidai

da yadda suke bu}ata domin hul]arsu da zamantakewa su ]ore. Ta haka ne sukan }ir}iri

sababbin kalmomi wa]anda suka sa~a wa daidaitacciyar Hausa. A cikin aikin Crane, L.B. et al,

(1981:179-180) an bayyana ma‟anar karin harshe da cewa:

“A dialect is a regional variety of language that may differ from other varieties of the language in features of its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. Further, dialect may be seen as a variety of language used by one occupational group or one social class.”

Ma‟ana:

“Shi karin harshe wani kari ne na yanki a cikin harshe wanda ya

bambanta daga kare-karen harshe, musamman ta yanayin rumbun kalmomi da nahawu da furuci. Bugu da }ari, za a iya kallon karin harshe kamar wani nau‟i ne na harshe wanda masu sana‟a iri ]aya ke amfani da shi ko masu wani matsayi ko mu}ami.”

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Saboda haka wannan bincike zai yi nazari ne a kan kwatanci tsakanin karin harshen

Katsinanci da Dauranci, domin kasancewarsu a cikin manyan rukunin kare-karen harshen

Hausa da muke da su. Haka nan kuma, bincike ya gano irin gudummuwar da karin harshen

Katsinanci da Dauranci suka bayar wajen bun}asa harshen Hausa.

1.2       Dalilin Bincike

An gudanar da rubuce-rubuce da dama a kan harshe da kare-karen harsuna. A vangaren

kare-karen Hausa akwai kamar aikin Bergery (1934) wanda ya fi mai da hankali a kan

gundarin kalmomi (lexical) waxanda suka shafi kare-karen harshen Hausa. Da aikin Liman

(1978) da Malka (1978) waxanda suka fi mai da hankali a kan rabe-raben karin harshen Hausa.

Don haka dalilan wannan bincike su ne:

a. Ana ganin waxannan karuruwan suna da tarayya musamman saboda kasancewar su a

shiyya xaya tare da tsarin rayuwa makamanta juna, alhali kuwa akwai ximbin kamanni

da bambance-bambane a tsakaninsu.

b. Haka kuma, duk da cewa an gudanar da bincike da dama a fagen karin harshen Hausa,

kamar yadda muka gain a sama, ba a qalailaice „yan bambance-bambancen cikin gida

da suka shafi Karin harshen Katsinanci da Dauranci ba.

1.3       Manufar Bincike

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Duk da yake akwai dalilai da dama da suka sa gudanar da wannan bincike, amma manya

daga cikinsu sun haxa da:

(a) Gano inda waxannan karuruwa suka yi kama da kuma inda suka sha bamban ta fuskar

furuci da tsarin sauti.

(b) Gano tasirin maqwabtaka a tsakaninsu, duk da yake a gefe xaya akwai Katsinanci da

Sakkwatanci, kuma a gefe xaya ga Dauranci da Damagaranci.

1.4       Muhimmancin Bincike

Wannan bincike yana da matuqar muhimmanci a vangaren ilimin harshe domin:

(a) Ya yi bayanai kan fagen nazarin ilimin walwalar harshe da kuma shi kansa karin

harshe.

(b) Ya nuna alaqar da ke tsakanin waxannan kare-karen harsuna.

(c) Haka n