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ABSTRACT
Microcontroller based automate controller is a project design of a system that is used in operating a gate automatically. The system opens the gate automatically when a human being or car is about to enter a compound or exit a compound. The system works by sensing the light rays from the head lamp of the vehicle. The light ray is sensed and signal is used in operating the gate. Different blocks of circuit are put together to ensure that the system works perfectly as desired. The blocks include; the power supply unit, the control unit, the sensor unit, and drive unit. The power supply unit powers on the entire system, it supplies appropriate dc signal to where it is needed. The supply unit is made up of a 12volts step down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a filter capacitor and a voltage regulator IC. The control unit receives signal from the sensor section to control the remaining part of the system. The control section is the logical part of the system and decides the state of the entire system depending on the signal from the sensor unit. The control section carries its operation with use of a microcontroller ATMEL89S52. The sensor unit receives signals from the headlamp of the vehicle or the human being and sends signals to indicate that a human being or car is present. This is achieved with the use a light dependent resistors. The drive unit is a DC motor which carries the gate to a specific direction as indicated by the microcontroller.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
In the past, many systems that are designed by man are normally operated
manually. This mode of operation is accompanied with many defects or
disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages involve stress undergone by the
operator; the operator is also exposed to health hazards when carrying
out his or her duties. These health hazards might be in terms of
electrocution, skin burn or bruises.
To overcome the above mentioned disadvantages that are associated with
manual operation of systems, the recent systems are designed with
mechanisms that enable them to carry out the required operations
automatically. To this effect, the system carries out the required
operation by them. The mechanism of the system can only be altered
during servicing of the machine. With automatic operation of systems,
the stress involved with handling the systems are reduced drastically.
The automatic gate control system is one of the systems that operate
automatically. The system simply detects the presence of object at the
front of the gate and then, opens the doors of the gate automatically.
It incorporates sensors that are mounted at strategic positions and
which has the capability of detecting objects. These systems are used in
public offices where people often make use of the doors.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the design is to practically obtain a system that opens
and closes a given gate automatically, when there is presence of cars or
persons. The system is designed in such a way that it has sensors that
senses the presence of people.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The design and implementation of microcontroller based automatic gate
controller utilizes the characteristic operation of both passive and
active electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and
integrated circuits. The circuit is designed in a prototype forms and it
is only meant for indoor demonstration of how the system works. The
system also uses a programmable integrated circuit in its control unit.
Meanwhile, this project, microcontroller based automatic gate control
has sub units such as: Power supply unit
The control section
The gate drive section
The sensor unit
1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Voltage regulation: this is simply, the control of voltage as needed
by the design. Voltage regulation ensures that a specific and steady
voltage supply is provided for the system operation. Electromagnetic
switch: this is the contact making that exists between terminal of
electronic components. These switches are carried through a process
known as electromagnetic induction. Examples of devices that can perform
this action is the relay. Erasable programmable read only memory
(EPROM): this is a type of memory device which can be programmed. The
device also has program erasing ability if it is to be reprogrammed.
1.5 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
Five chapters were covered in the course of design and development of
this project. The chapters and their contents are as follows:
Chapter one is the introductory chapter that gives the background of the
project, aim and objective, the scope and organization of the project.
Chapter Two handles the literature review; information on previous work relevant to the topic.
In chapter three, I discussed the practical system analysis of the
project. Also discussed is the requirement analysis, which is all the
information, gathered from a wide research on microcontroller over/under
voltage protective system.
Chapter four deals with the design procedure, construction steps, packaging and cost of components.
Chapter five contains the test result, summary, conclusion and recommendations for further work.
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