CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Supervision right from time immemorial has to improve the activities of teaching and learning in primary schools, during the colonial era, supervision provide the basis for high performance for primary schools which was accredited to regular and meaningful supervision in primary schools by inspectors. Primary schools being the foundation of learning and instruction is in  dire need of supervision throughout the school year, no wonder people are saying of poor academic performance of people nowadays the poor academic performance may be attributed to lack of effective supervision of primary school. Supervision should be intensified in primary school because the pupils are I the formative years. Today a larger number of primary school teachers are experienced and professional teaching jobs, they are not on the teaching job, but do not perform up to expectation even though they possess higher teaching qualifications these marked informative for regular supervision so as to put them right not to make mistake in discharging their duties of teaching the young ones and laying solid foundation for future higher learning. The new policy that the minimum learning qualification in primary schools. The Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) is a new development, hence most teachers in primary schools have obtained the Nigeria certificate in education (NCE) by now, but never perform to expectation in primary school teaching only few of the primary school teachers still hold the teacher grade II certificate in an attempt to promote efficiency in teaching and instruction in primary schools, so as to improve on the academic performance of the primary school pupils. It is also envisaged that if supervision is intensified in primary schools, teachers will have up to expectation in discharging their duties to the society (curricular activities).   

1.2              STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The various problems that lack of supervision have brought to teaching and learning in primary schools, are; unimproved instruction and instructional programmers. If school are not regularly supervised. The teachers will not be able to teach effectively in the classroom, since they will not take proper care in preparing their notes of lessons. The provision of adequate relevant and attractive teaching aids will be declined, in a situation well supervised some teachers may tend to be lazy and of performance of pupils in schools. Effective coordination and control of the school system will improve the academic environment without this, the pupils will be bored within the school environment and thus the instruction given them will have no effect and their teachers will not be able to improve the curriculum, properly will not be able to improve the curriculum, properly supervised, enhance planning of services and workshops or seminars for the teachers in the primary school without this, the instruction given to the pupils will be lacking in one aspects or the  other. The goals and objective of education in the primary school will not be achieved without control mechanism such as good e valuation which in turn helps in the overall development of the pupils.

1.3              OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study specifically sets out to

a.   Examine the extent at which teachers are supervised

b.   Find out the effect of supervision on teachers’ efficiency.

c.   To find out the effectiveness of school supervisory bodies in Edo state

d.   To make recommendations on the way forward in promoting efficiency in teaching through regular supervision of teachers

1.4              RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

HYPOTHESES ONE

Ho: There is no relationship between teaching efficiency and supervision

Hi: There is a relationship between teaching efficiency and supervision

HYPOTHESES TWO

Ho: supervision has no effect on staff effectiveness

Hi: supervision has an effect on staff effectiveness

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is a known fact that constant and thorough supervision will definitely improve teaching and learning in primary schools, hence teacher fault would be detected frequently and would be corrected by the education officers. In a situation where a teacher fails to bring his/her record of work up to date. However, if this detected by the education officer such teacher can be queried for negligence of study. The immediate result of this query is to effect a change in teacher’s attitude toward work, since supervision focuses on the teacher’s appearance, performance and other related issues. Furthermore, through this study, the government and the school authority will learn how to improve the education of the pupils how to improve the education of the pupils. An educational officer mostly the external supervisor visit a school he/she takes down a note on the condition of that school and passes it to the appropriate quarters with recommendation, after much of the recommendation would help to improve the standard of the school which may be on the infrastructure facilities, instructional materials etc moreover, supervision involves a lot of discussion of cross fertilization of ideas and from this exchange of ideas the best method to follow would be discussed among the teachers, this discussion would focus on the improvement of the teaching and learning environment. From this kind, efficiency would be enhance, supervision enables us to discover special ability or qualities possessed by teachers in the primary or qualities possessed by teachers in the primary schools in Egor Local Government.  

 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is primary concerned with the role of supervision in promoting efficiency in teaching and instruction in primary schools. This study/project work covers primary schools in Egor Local Government Area in Edo State.The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following

a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study     

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic: Teaching study of schools, collegesetc scholarly, literary or classical.

SUPERVISION:Supervisionis the act or function of overseeing something or somebody. A person who performs supervision is a "supervisor", but does not always have the formal title of supervisor. A person who is getting supervision is the "supervisee".

THE CONCEPT OF LEARNING: Learning means acquiring knowledge, skills and information. Schmeeck (1983) defines learning as acquiring and retention of knowledge or as an interpretative process aimed in understanding of the lessons being taught. In this study, learning means acquiring knowledge on information, processing it and where possible applying it.

THE CONCEPT OF TEACHING: Teaching means importing knowledge and skills to the learners. According to the Oxford Dictionary teaching means what is taught.Ubben & Hughes’ (1987:110) definition concurs with the above when they regard teaching as imparting content or information which learners need to improve their skills. In this study teaching means giving out knowledge to learners with a view to help them develop new skills.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concerned with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study 

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