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1.1 Background to the Study
The school environment, which include
the classrooms, libraries, technical workshops, laboratories, teachers’
quality, school management, teaching methods, peers, etc are variables
that affect students’ academic achievement (Ajayi, 2001 and Oluchukwu,
2000). Hence, the school environment remains an important area that
should be studied and well managed to enhance students’ academic
performance.
The issue of poor academic performance of students
in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents, teachers
and even student themselves. The quality of education not only depends
on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties, but
also in the effective coordination of the school environment (Ajao
2001)
School environment which include instructional spaces
planning, administrative places planning, circulation spaces planning,
spaces for conveniences planning, accessories planning, the teachers as
well as the students themselves are essential in teaching-learning
process. The extent to which student learning could be enhanced depends
on their location within the school compound, the structure of their
classroom, availability of instructional facilities and accessories. It
is believed that a well planned school will gear up expected outcomes of
education that will facilitate good social, political and economic
emancipation, effective teaching and learning process and academic
performance of the students.
Relating this study to
international occurrences are the assertions of Williams, Persaud, and
Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005), which reported that safe and
orderly classroom environment (aspect of instructional space), School
facilities (accessories) were significantly related to students’
academic performance in schools. The three researchers, also quoted
Glassman (1994), asserting that a comfortable and caring environment
among other treatments helped to contribute to students` academic
performance.
The physical characteristics of the school have a
variety of effects on teachers, students, and the learning process. Poor
lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide in classrooms, and
inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult. Poor
maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health
among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and
higher absentee rates (Frazier, 2002 Lyons, 2001; and Ostendorf, 2001).
These factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher
levels of frustration among teachers, and poor learning attitude among
student.
Beyond the direct effects that poor facilities have on
students’ ability to learn, the combination of poor facilities, which
create an uncomfortable and uninviting workplace for teachers, combined
with frustrating behavior by students including poor concentration and
hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful set of working
conditions for teachers. Because stress and job dissatisfaction are
common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm, it is possible that
the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an effect
upon the academic performance of students.
Previous studies have
investigated the relationship of poor school environment including
problems with student-teacher ratio, school location, school population,
classroom ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms, and inconsistent
temperatures in the classroom with student health problems, student
behavior, and student achievement (Crandell & Smaldino, 2000; Davis,
2001; Johnson, 2001; Lyons, 2001;Moore, 2002; Stricherz, 2000; Tanner,
2000). To complement these studies, the present research will examine
the aforementioned areas of school environment as it affect students
performance in Nigerian schools.
Statement of the Problem
Emphasizing
the importance of school environment to students academic performance,
Oluchukwu, (2000) asserted school environment is an essential aspect of
educational planning, he went further to explain that “unless schools
are well suited, buildings adequately constructed and equipment
adequately utilized and maintained, much teaching and learning may not
take place.
The high levels of students’ academic performance
may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classrooms,
libraries, technical workshops and laboratories are structurally
defective. However, little is known on the impact of school environment
on students’ academic performance in an urban city like Lagos State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The purposes of this study are:
i. To examine the relationship between school environment and the student academic performance
ii. To examine the impact of school facilities on the academic performance of students in the secondary school
iii.
To explore factors such as class size that have been perceived to
promote or inhibit students learning in the academic process of students
in secondary school
iv. To investigate the extent to which school location affects the academic achievement of secondary school students.
1.4 Research Questions
i. Is there any relationship between school environment and the student academic performance?
ii. To what extent do school facilities affect student performance in secondary school?
iii. What effect does class size has on the academic performance of students in secondary school?
iv. To what extent does school location has on the achievement of secondary school students?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Ho1 There is no significant difference between school environment and the student academic performance
Ho2 There is no significant difference between school facilities and academic performance of students
Ho3 There is no significant difference between class size and academic performance of students
Ho4 There is no significant difference between school location and academic performance of students
1.6 Significance of the Study
It
is hoped that this study will provide information for parents,
educators and school administrators to reflect upon various factors that
help students in achieving their academic goals. In so doing, they can
investigate the possibility of introducing those factors to their
school, which may consequently lead to enhancing students’ educational
outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that this study is conducted
in public schools, it shares quite a lot of similarities with many other
counterparts. In this connection, this study provides a valuable
reference for other schools to reflect upon the school environment as it
affect the academic performance of student in secondary school.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This
research work focuses on influence of school environment on academic
performance of secondary school students in some selected schools in
Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State. This research work covers
all public secondary schools students in Agege Local Government Area Of
Lagos State. However, four public secondary schools will be used as case
study.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Apart from
time-frame and shortage of finance, the major limitation to this
research is the inability of the researcher to cover the whole public
secondary school in Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State as the
title suggest.
1.9 Research Methodology
A descriptive
research design will be use in carrying out this study. The sample for
this study constitutes one hundred (100) respondents. For this research
work, random sampling technique will be used. This study will be
restricted to the categories of students the researcher considered
essentially relevant to issues being investigated. Simple percentage
statistical analysis will be used for the study.
1.10 Definition of Terms
School: A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or "pupils") under the direction of teachers
School Environment: A school's physical environment includes the school building and the surrounding.
Academic Achievement – Knowledge attained or skills developed in school subjects by test scores.
Secondary
school (also"high school")is a term used to describe an educational
institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary
education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place. It
follows elementary or primary education, and may be followed by
university (tertiary) education.
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