TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE                                                                                                                     PAGE

Title page-       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           i

Declaration-    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           ii

Certification-               -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iii

Dedication-     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           iv

Acknowledgement-    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           v

Table of Content-        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           vi

List of tables-              -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           x

List of appendices-     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xi

Abstract -        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           xii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of study -    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           1

1.2  Statement of the problem -          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           6

1.3  Purpose of the study-      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           8

1.4  Research questions-         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           8

1.5  Research hypotheses-      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           9

1.6  Significance of the study-           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           9

1.7  Delimitation of the study-           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           11

1.8  Limitation of the study-              -           -           -           -           -           -           -           12

1.9  Definition of terms-         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           12

 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1            Theoretical Framework-             -           -           -           -           -           -           14

2.1.1                    John Dewey’s view on constructivist learning approach-        -           -           14

2.1.2                    Individualistic constructivist view on learning-           -           -           -           15

2.1.3                    Social constructivist view on learning- -           -           -           -           16

2.2            Conceptual Framework  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           17

2.2.1                    Constructivist Learning and students’ achievement in science-          -           17

2.2.2                    Methods of teaching science-               -           -           -           -           -           18       

2.2.3                    Influence of Gender on students’ achievement in science-                 -           22

2.3             Empirical Review-         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           24

2.3.1                    Constructivism and student’s achievement in science-            -           -           24

2.4             Summary of Literature  Review-           -           -           -           -           -           26

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1     Research design-             -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           28

3.2      Area of study-    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           28

3.3     Population of study-       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           30

3.4      Sampling and sampling techniques-       -           -           -           -           -           -           30

3.5      Instrumentation -            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           30

3.6      Validation of instrument-           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

3.7      Reliability of instrument -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           31

3.8      Scoring   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           32

3.9     Research procedure         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           32

3.10  Method of data analysis-            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           33

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1   Results-    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           34

4.2   Discussion of results        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           37

4.3   Summary of findings-      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           39

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1  Summary- -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           41

5.2   Conclusion -         -           -           -           -           -    &nb