CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

A good educational system is a strong base for technology development it equips people with knowledge’s and skills for designing methods and process that will enable them to make maximum use of their natural resources for the benefit of the society. The development of a nation also depends mostly on the type of technology education, the process of importation inherited or invented and the ability to train her citizens to sustain the level of such technological education development. Technology according to Waziri (2005) is the use of the product of creatively, inventions and scientific research in the service of man. Miller, Bakare and Ikatule (2010) describe technology as the process by which human modify nature to meet their needs and wants.

Basic technology is three years junior secondary school courses which consist of science and technical subjects. Basic technology subjects are important and play a significant role in human development and technological awareness. Hence it teaches students how to make good use of some natural resources for the convenience of man and the society.

Developing countries like Nigeria consumes a lot of metal wood, electrical gadgets and enough emphasis is place on the study of the subject. The government has realized the need for qualified technical personnel’s for the country’s technological development; hence emphasis has been placed on Basic technology subjects by making it a compulsory subject for junior secondary school students.

The establishment of technical teachers training programmed (T.T.T.P) and expansion in Federal College of Education (Technical), Federal University of Technology for the mass production of technical teachers in spite of all these, not much has been achieved technologically. Therefore, the teaching of basic technology should be stepped up using the effective strategies. The school system is the most suitable avenue to impart knowledge to the citizens at all levels, particularly at the junior secondary school level.

Method of instruction is approach which a teacher adapts to for the pattern of behavior which you expect from the learners in a learning environment. For any method to be successful, it must allow the teacher and the learner to participate actively in the teaching environment, especially basic technology that is a practically oriented subject.

The need to examine the effect of methodology of teaching basic technology in junior secondary school in Kebbi state has become a critical issue in recent times. This is necessary because government has placed great emphasis and technological improvement of the nation for industrial and physical establishment of technical teachers programmed and federal colleges of education (technical).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

However, government is worried about the alarming rate at which some students failed basic technolog6y at junior secondary school examination in the state. The interest of students in basic technology has continued to decline because of the mass failure, which is usually recorded at the end of the examination. Nwogi (2000) reported that poor performance of students in Nsuka Education Zone in the junior secondary school certificate examination (JSS) result in basic technology (formally known as introductory technology), for 1997/1998, that only 12% of the students had credit pass while 50% had ordinary pass and 8% of the students failed in the year 1998/1999, the situation changed insignificantly with 13% of the students having credit pass while 75% had ordinary pass at 12% failed.

1.2     Statement of the problem

Basic technology is an integrated subject in the curriculum of junior secondary schools where students are supposed to acquire basic knowledge, skills and attitudes. In order to improve the achievement of students in basic technology, teachers are expected to be competent in teaching the content areas of the basic technology curriculum. It is observed by the researchers that 50% of the students who sat for junior WAEC failed in basic technology in 2010 and 2011, it was also observed that 50% were below credit level. The failure of students in basic technology could be attributed to incompetence of teachers of technology in teaching the contents area of the curriculum.

The failure of these students could be tagged with assumption made by the government for allowing teachers of technology to teach new basic technology to students since two subjects are slightly different in objects. Technical teachers lack effectiveness in managing introductory technology laboratory and preventing wastage of materials. The author further stated that these teachers have shallow knowledge and skills in the subject matter. Similarly, technical teachers have deficiencies in planning and implementing of instruction in introductory technology. Fifty percent (50%) of the teachers in Nigerian school system were found unqualified to teach, also most of the teachers of introductory technology now basic technology in Kebbi state inclusive recruited into teaching position do not meet the quality required for effective teaching. Therefore there is need to identify competency improvement needs of technology teachers to enhance the improvement needs of technology teachers to enhance the implementation of basic technology in Kebbi state. In junior secondary school in Kebbi state specifically this study is aimed to find out the following:-

1.     Identify competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in planning instruction for the implementation of basic technology.

2.     Identify competency improvement need of teachers of technology in teaching the contents, of basic technology curriculum (technology, workshop safety, scales and scale drawing, information and communication technology, energy based technological appliances and gears) to students in junior secondary schools.

3.     Competency improvement need of teachers of technology in classroom management of the implementation of basic technology

4.     To determine the adequacy of teaching methods and techniques for the implementation of basic technology.

5.     To identify the need of teachers of technology in applying evaluation techniques for the proper implementation of basic technology.

1.4     Significance of the Study

The findings of this will be of great benefits to teachers, students, society, the ministry of education and educational researchers. Teachers of basic technology will benefit from findings of the study. The findings will reveal areas where teachers need improvement in teaching basic technology to students. Therefore, the competence indentified could be used to train teachers of basic technology for effective teaching. The stated objectives of basic technology will now be achievable ones.

The students of basic technology will also benefits from the study if the identified technology will also benefits from the study if the identified findings are used to train teachers of technology who are the chief implementers of basic technology in schools improvement of these teachers will now affect the learning outcome of the students positively. The students will now understand the knowledge and skill in basic technology. Proper understanding of basic technology will stimulate their interest in choosing technology as careers for success in the future.

The findings of the study will also benefit the Kebbi ministry of education. The findings of the study will new reveal to ministry of education areas of basic technology where teachers need improvement workshops, seminars conferences can now be organized for theses teachers in order to enrich their knowledge in basic technology and appropriate method of teaching it.

The parents of individual students will also benefit from the findings of the study if implemented students trained by competent teachers become equipped with necessary skills and knowledge that would make them meaningful citizen. The students will be equipped with basic skill in basic technology.

The educational researchers will also benefit from the study. The study will provide needed information or literature to educational researchers who want to conduct similar study. The study will also serve as a guide to the researchers. It will enable them to know the procedures for conducting improvement needs study.

1.5     Research Questions:

The following research questions guided the study:-

1.     What are the competency improvement needs of teacher of technology in planning instruction for the implementation of basic technology?

2.     What are the competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in teaching the content of basic technology curriculum (technology, workshops, safety, scales and scale drawing, information and communication technology, energy based technological appliances and gears) to students in junior secondary schools?

3.     What are the competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in classroom/laboratory management for the implementation of basic technology?

4.     What are competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in using teaching methods and techniques for the implementation of basic technology?

5.     What are the competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in using evaluation techniques for the implementation of basic technology?

1.6     Hypothesis

The following null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.

1.     There is no significant difference is the mean responses of teachers and supervisors of technology on the competencies improvement needs in planning instruction for the implementation of basic technology.

2.     There is no significant difference in the mean responses of teacher and supervisors of technology on the competency improvement needs in teaching the contents of basic technology curriculum (technology, workshop safety, scales and scale drawing, information and communication technology, energy based technological appliances and gears) to students in junior secondary schools.

3.     There is no significant difference in the mean response of teachers and supervisors of technology on the competency improvement needs in classroom/laboratory management for the implementation of basic technology.

4.     There is no significant difference in the mean responses of teachers and supervisors of technology on the competency improvement needs in using teaching methods and techniques for the implementation of basic technology.

5.     There is no significance difference in them mean responses of teachers and supervisors of technology on the competency improvement needs in using evaluation techniques for the implementation of basic technology.

1.7     Scope of the Study

The study was carried out to determine the competency improvement needs of technology teachers in the implementation of basic technology in Kebbi state. The study specifically covered competency improvement needs of teachers of technology in planning instruction, teaching the content of basic technology curriculum to students in junior secondary schools, classroom/laboratory management, using teaching methods and techniques and in applying evaluation techniques for the implementation of basic technology.

The teachers on basic technology subjects and supervisors in junior secondary school level in the study constituted the respondents from which data for the study were collected, this is because, it was the candid believe of the researcher that these two groups of respondents are suitable for providing the required data for the study.     

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