CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Education is the bed-rock of any meaningful development. Unfortunately, the education sector in Nigeria has suffered from limited and stringent fiscal budgets and has been starved of both human and material resources (Ihejirika, 2013). The UNESCO recommended that 26 percent of the annual budget of every country in the world should go to education. Unfortunately, Nigeria is still far from this UNESCO recommendation. A’ Aeth (1975) and Coombs (1989) described the situation of African development as educational dilemma. During the colonial era, schools were significantly few which meant that fewer Africans had access to education which was deliberately designed to perpetuate hegemonic European dominance in the dual education system (Abraham, 2000; Chisaka & Mavundutse, 2006).

Teaching at its most literal level educating, imparting knowledge is the most fundamental part of a teacher’s job. It is more obvious than (though just as important as) inspiring, motivating and forming relationships.

But just like many other elements of the job, the act of teaching is personal. No two teachers are the same. The way you teach is unique to you and by teaching you bring yourself to the classroom: your personality, your experiences and your ambitions. Your pedagogy your teaching style is shaped by these characteristics, influenced by your own education, and becomes the guide you use to teach your students.

Learning is an activity that starts at birth and can be expected to continue for a lifetime in classrooms and training centres, effective learning takes place in a well organized way. Facilities and personnel are employed to provide an education designed for classroom learning, which aims to prepare all the students to work and participate in the society which they live.

Schools are dynamic places to work for both teachers and students, Erson (1992). Some students comes with advantages and willingness to learn, and motivated home environments while others are not.

To meet the diverse changing in learning there is need for educational systems and practices policies in the state that will improve the standard of education.

The introduction of Instructional Material Materials in the teaching and learning process has made our educational system more attractive today. In whatever case learning comes to an individual through the use of sense organs. Which include sense of hearing, sight, test, feeling and smelling.

Instructional Material technology is the process or method of sending information or educational messages by the aids of modern gadgets to promote or make learning more easier. For any educational set up to attain to its set goals and objectives such institution must rely or depend on the optimum utilization of the human and materials resources at its disposal.

Instructional Materials according to Dike (1989) do not only increase the motivation of the teachers and learners, they add clearity to the topic and make learning more interesting. Permanent learning according to Njoku (1980) is the goal of education that learners should be able to retain what is taught. Instructional Material materials make learning more permanent since they appeal to more than one sense.

The utilization of instructional material in the teaching of Welding and Fabrication technology cannot be over emphasizes in whatever the case may be learning comes to an individual through the use of sense organs which include senses of hearing, sight, feeling, and smelling.

The utilization of instructional material in the teaching of Welding and Fabrication technology cannot be over emphasizes in whatever the case may be learning comes to an individual through the use of sense organs which include senses of hearing, sight, feeling, and smelling.

It is a believe that learning is best perceived when those senses are used together for example if what to be taught by the teacher can be hard, seen, and practiced by the learner the learning could be best perceived.

When we look at the present educational process and advancement in the field of technology one can suggest that in teaching specially Welding and Fabrication technology a teacher cannot avoid the use of instructional materials for better learning, some educational problems militating on both teachers and students in a single class, it would be rather difficult for the teacher to manage this group of students without attracting the use of instructional materials

Statement of the problem

It is a clear indication that the above finding confirms that the application of Instructional Material for academic comprehension of Welding and Fabrication is very crucial.

Ilalokhovi (1983) makes it clear that many schools and colleges were supplied with instructional materials, but whether these facilities have been used or not by the teacher is a question that the study will try to find out.

Mkpa (1988) stated that it is one thing for a teacher to be actively and effectively trained in the use of educational media, materials and equipments and another thing for him is to practice using some of these materials. He stressed that many teachers have found released in their effort after obtaining their certificates. Regular supervision and assessment of the impact of teachers are essential towards stewardship.

Alabi (1986) carried out a study on the problems and prospect of Vocation and Technical education in Kano state. He reported that lack of provision of training materials, functional laboratory and equipments is adversely affecting both students and teachers due to inadequate teaching materials.

Vessel M.E (1980) stated that only few Automobile teachers are aware or make maximum use of Instructional Material available to them.

The availability of skilled trained manpower must be complemented with the necessary relevant equipment and facilities for maximum efficiency and functionality. In recognition of this fact, it is necessary to ensure for governments and other non-governmental agencies to ensure the production procurement of Instructional Material Materials to justify their existence.

Purpose of the study

The study aim at investigating the utilization of instructional materials in teaching Welding and Fabrication technology in technical colleges in Gombe state specifically the study will

1.   Identify the availability or instructional materials for teaching Welding and Fabrication in technical colleges in Gombe state.

2.   To find out the rate of which the teacher improvise to replace the materials that are not available for teaching foundry.

3.   To find out how instructional materials are used for teaching Welding and Fabrication in technical and vocational colleges in Gombe state.

Significance of the study

The study will highlight the state of availability of instructional materials in teaching Welding and Fabrication technology in technical colleges in Gombe state. This will keep the state ministry of education and the management of the institution’s under study to know the rate at which the instructional materials are available in the state technical and vocational school in Gombe state.

The research will expease  the rate at which the teacher’s in the school are able to improvise to replace the  instructional materials that are not available. This will help the schools management and the ministry of education officials to assist the efforts of the teacher by assessing the teachers periodically

The finding of the study will also reveal the rate at which the teachers make use of instructional materials during teaching and learning process. This will also help the principles, ministry of education officials as well as the parents to see the rate at which the teachers are making effort toward effective learning and teaching by the students, finally the finding of the research will be at great value to other researchers in this area of specialization

Research questions

The research questions that will guide this study are

1.   How available are the instructional materials in technical colleges?

2.   At which rate do teachers inprovise to replace the materials not available?

3.   What is the rate at which materials are used in teaching Welding and Fabrication technology effectively in technical schools?

Scope of the study

This study is aim at assessing the types of instructional material suitable for teaching Welding and Fabrication in technical colleges in Gombe state and also how to make judicious use by utilizing the instructional materials. This study is primarily concerned with the availability the use of instructional materials by the teachers and the level of improvisation of these instructional materials effectively in teaching and learning of Welding and Fabrication technology in Gombe state.

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