ABSTRACT

This work tries to examine the impact of minimum wages on workers’ productivity in Nigeria. The study was borne out of the fact that workers are not adequately motivated in the organization. The study adopted survey design with a total population of 200 and a sample size of 133 which was determined through Yaro Yamane sampling Technique. Questionnaires and interview were the instrument used in generating data for the study. It was found out that there is a relationship between minimum wage motivates worker for higher productivity. It was also found out that the organization often motivates workers with wages incentives. The study concludes that human resource is a vital element in an organization which is the agent of productivity and every attention should be turned to motivating the workers so as to maximize organizational productivity. It was recommended that there should be a periodic wage  increment for workers so as to be able to match the ever price rising commodities in the market. Workers should also be promoted as when due and all wages attachment should apply.                          

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For many decades, the image of an average Nigerian government worker has been very poor; it projects a picture of an uncomplicated individual, whose sense of responsibility has been dulled by frustration and negativism. An average Nigeria government workers or civil servant is habitually non-challant to his duties. He needs to be closely supervised before he could discharge his duties. Bad attitudes displayed by the workers include, habitual lateness to duty, constant absence from duty under fictions excuses, maligning, sabotage of official interest etc.

The researcher believes that those multi-furious bad attitudes of an average government worker is rooted in a popular adage that “a hungry man is an angry man”.

The exponent of scientific management Taylor and his followers-maintained that the basic motive of a man at work was economic. Money was seen as a principal motivation instrument. Wage incentives are motivational factors. According to Croft (1996) motivation can be defined as “impulses that stem from a within a person and lead him to act in a way that will satisfy to get reward for their effort. The exchange of labour for financial reward in the market in the heart of pay process. People do not put forward their best unless they get reward for their work. Ubeku,(1975) stated  that, the payment of goods salaries and wages is fundamental to the increase in the prerequisite for effective performance. In order to motivate people to put maximum efforts, it is essential that their various needs especially as it concerns their wage and salaries be satisfies as far as practicable.

According to Papola(1970: 123) “a just minimum wage to maintain not only  the life but the health and the vigour of the working people is a law of necessity and knows no other law”. Therefore, motivation and productivity are twin concept in organizational development.

1.2              STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Currently, the poor performance, lack of dedication and commitment  of government worker have been a  matter of concern and debate. How to improve the productivity of employees has been the topic of many seminars, symposia and conference. The reason for this trend, as well as appropriate avenue for the appointment of blame has formed the basis for the controversies. Many reforms in the public service a such as work ethics, transparency, dedication and commitment to duties are some of the ways of trying to improve productivity of the workers in the country.

According to Nwachukwu (1988:102)Nigeria people have always come with the impression that generally, Nigeria workers are lazy, sleepy, reluctant to act, unconcerned and deceitful in their approach; these workers are said to lack the zeal, the business and the momentum of hardworking people and generally, they dislike having anybody talk about efficiency, dedication, competence, determination and productivity of which characterize people in a production oriented society. In production oriented society, the employees strive to boost the morale of their employees with a view to eliciting positive attitude towards work.  While the workers respond by fashioning ways  of making their organization successful. In Nigeria, however there is inadequate stimulus to attract such responses, so the workers are still performing below average, morale still down and efficiency still nil.  The problem therefore, lies in the low productivity of government workers in Oba Anambra  state because.

The management sees motivating their effort force as something not too important because they do not value their employees.

They lack an enabling environment for work performance, poor incentive, tribalism, and sentiments, bureaucracy and quota system helps in contributing to poor performance. The management do not adequately motivate their employees giving rise to low morale among the workers.

1.3              OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The general purpose of the study is to examine the impact of minimum wage on workers’ productivity with reference to Anambra State Board of Internal Revenue. Other specific objectives include:

1.   To find out the relationship between minimum wage and worker productivity in Anambra State Board of Internal Revenue Akwa.

2.   To ascertain the extent of implementation of minimum wage policy in Anambra State Board of Internal Revenue Akwa.

3.   To explore how workers get motivated through minimum wage increment in Anambra State Board of Internal Revenue Akwa.

4.   To make recommendations on how to maximize workers’ productivity in Anambra State Board of Internal Revenue Awka.

1.4              RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypotheses one

Ho: Minimum wage increase does not influence staff motivation

Hi: Minimum wage increase influences staff motivation

Hypotheses Two

Ho: There is no relationship between minimum wage and productivity

Hi: There is a relationship between minimum wage and productivity

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study stems from the fact that the government workers play vital roles in nation development and sovereign existence of any country.

Therefore, the welfare and efficient performance of the government workers could be given priority attention by any successive administration (be it military or civilian administration). The benefactors of this study are:

Workers: This will help the workers to be move devoted  to their work and improve in place where they are lacking

Future Research: It also enable future researchers to make use of this work for more finding and future reference.

 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is primary concerned with minimum wage and worker’ productivity in Nigeria. This study covers Board of internal Revenue Awka. The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following

a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study     

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Wages: A total earning a worker receives for the performances of services within a period of time.

Productivity: Is the capacity or situation where an individual or organization produces maximum results with available human, financial and material resources to achieve set organizational objectives.

Motivation: Is a theoretical construct used to explain behaviour. It represents the reasons for peoples’ actions desires and needs.

Performance: It is the fulfillment of an obligation, in a manner that releases the performer from all liabilities under the contract.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concerned with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study  

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