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CHAPTER ONE

1.1       Background to the Study

Many accidents are happened due to infringement of traffic rules, driving the vehicle without proper license. The authorities unsupportive of verifying the identity of every driver on a road and whether the person driving a vehicle is licensed or not.  Hence defiance of traffic rules has become more common (Ganesh, Abhishek, Sonal, Santosh, and Nilav 2017). Vehicle Registration in Nigeria began over 100 years ago and the records have been essentially manual which in turn has not help to raise the efficiency of general automotive services in recent years. Today, computer has been discovered as a very efficient instrument, which has played a very significant role in adequate management of information. Besides, it has played more roles in country. However, computerization has helped in many areas of life and due to vehicle owners, the thought of computerization of this operation becomes of great important in order to wipe out the manual data processing system from which many problems have originated (Ahmed and S.T. 1991).

Due to traffic congestion and increasing number of user on road it is difficult to identify every vehicle uniquely. To monitor the vehicle manually is very difficult task. The aim of this research is to automate the identification of the vehicle. In today’s time there are so many people breaking traffic rules without any fear, one of them is jumping red light signals. Sometimes due to this the vehicle meets an accident with another vehicle.  In the past few years, traffic accidents & congestions have increased enormously.  A great inconvenience for public travelling day-to-day. Also, the current traffic rule regulations are not very stringent and the implementation techniques are severely flawed. Due to these, bribery has become rampant.  Though the vehicle volume has increased exponentially, the road infrastructure has not been improved proportionately.  This in turn leads to increased traffic congestion and road accidents (Apurva, Sakshi, Sampada, and Pranjali 2017).

Different technologies are there to detect traffic congestion and to make congestion management more efficient, but these technologies have several drawbacks, such as installation problems, complexity, cost, etc. On a regular basis we often observe people have to stop their vehicles on the road or toll booth to show their documents for their vehicles and then continue their journey. This not only waste of valuable time for the driver  but  also  for  the  police  who  take  time  in  checking  the documents and return them back. Sometimes the driver fails to carry the desired documents due  to  some  reason  and  therefore  has  to  put  up  with  a  fine.  Many existing  system  like Automatic Number Plate Recognition System is used only for traffic violations. Smart card is another system that contains information like details of vehicles and registration numbers, but does not include the insurance papers. Thus in this paper, we are to some extent compelling people to follow the traffic rules and reduce road accidents and vehicles hijacking. Here, we are trying to incur penalty for almost all  the  traffic  rule  violations.  Hence, a verification of vehicle uniquely  is  an important issue to be considered. The traffic monitoring authorities need to find new methods of overcoming this difficulty (Apurva, Sakshi, Sampada, and Pranjali 2017). Through this paper we are aiming to provide a system, which will use for verify vehicle using Quick Response Code and decreases the time required for the existing system. Automatically incur penalty for violation of any of the traffic rules.  If a  driver  violates  any  of  the  traffic  rules,  the  driver  will  be  charged  according  to  the  RTO rules.

1.2       Statement of Problem

The main problem involves people stopping their vehicles on the road or toll booth to show their documents for their vehicles and then continue their journey. This not only waste of valuable time for the driver but also for the police who take time in checking the documents and return them back. Sometimes the driver fails to carry the desired documents due to some reason and therefore has to put up with a fine. The current traffic rule regulations are not very stringent and the implementation techniques are severely flawed. Due to these, bribery has become rampant. Lack of proper management of both personnel drivers and assets (the vehicles and the goods they carry) is another problem facing the system. The prolonged security risks of highway transportation. The redundant use of vehicle tracking caused by poor communication when satellite tracking is used.

1.3       Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of this proposed project is to design an online vehicle verification and identification system that will generate a QR-code to verify and identity every vehicle in other to tackle the problems facing the manual system.

The listed objectives below will help in achieving this aim:

        i.            Investigate the existing manual method of verifying and identifying vehicles in Nigeria and highlight their problems.

      ii.            To provide an easy and a more simpler form of vehicle verification since the information and details of the vehicle in question can be implanted into the small 2D barcode i.e. the QR-code.

    iii.            Analyze the designed vehicle verification and identification system with the QR code and test its efficiency.

    iv.            Highlight the shortcomings of the designed system.

1.4       Significance of Study

Many existing systems like Automatic Number Plate Recognition System is used only for traffic violations. Smart card is another system that contains information like details of vehicles and registration numbers, but does not include the insurance papers. 

This project work is significant as it aims to provide a system, which will use for verify vehicle using Quick Response Code and decreases the time required for the existing system. It protects the goods and people that are been transported and create an easy recognition of every road user using a snap-shot of the QR-code. It will eliminate the adamant thoughts of traffic offenders because they can easily be tracked. When ignored, we will have to embrace the existing manual vehicle verification system which is labour intensive, and time consuming with traffic congestion and increasing number of user on road it is difficult to identify every vehicle uniquely.

1.5       Scope and Limitation of Study

The scope of this study covers the development of an information system that uses QR code to verify and identify any vehicle on the road to confirm their details. This proposed system is limited to verify only vehicles that registered on the system and can only scan the QR code using supported devices for the scanning. The system is also limited to be effective within Nigeria as the organization that will be monitoring the activities are owned by Nigeria Government.

1.6       Definitions of Terms

        i.         Quick Response Code (QR): The QR code system was invented in 1994 by Denso Wave. It is a trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional barcode) first designed for the automotive industry in Japan. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached. A QR code uses four standardized encoding modes to efficiently store data. It consist of black squares arranged in a square grid on a white background, which can be read by an imaging device such as camera and processed using Reed-Solomon error correction until the image can be appropriately interpreted.

      ii.            Verification and Validation System: These are independent procedures that are used together for checking that a product, service, or system meets requirements and specifications and that it fulfills its intended purpose. Validation is the assurance that a product, service, or system meets the customer and other identified stakeholder. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers. Verification is the evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition.

    iii.   Information system:  Information system refers to a set of systems (hardware, software, database, procedures and human resources) that supports data intensive applications and captures data related to an organizations operation for example, an airline ticketing system (Willcocks, 2013).


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