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Certification
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Dedication
Organization Of Work
Table Of Content
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement Of Problem
1.2 Aims And Objectives
1.3 Delimitation Of Scope
1.4 Limitation
1.5 Assumption
1.6 Definition Of Terms
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
Chapter Three
3.0 Description And Analysis Of The Existing System
3.1 Fact Finding Methods
3.2 Organizational Structure
3.3 Objectives Of The Existing System
3.4 Input, Process And Output Analysis
3.5 Information Flow Diagram
3.6 Problem Of The Existing System
3.7 Justification For The New System
Chapter Four
4.0 Design Of The New System
4.1 Output Specification And Design
4.2 Input Specification And Design
4.3 File Design
4.4 System Flowchart
4.5 Procedure Chart
4.6 System Requirements
Chapter Five
5.0 Implementation
5.1 Program Design
5.2 Program Flow Chart
5.3 Pseudo Codes
5.4 Source Program
5.5 Test Run
Chapter Six
6.0 Documentation
Chapter Seven
7.0 Recommendation And Conclusion
Reference
INTRODUCTION
Accounting is the life wire of any institutional organization.
It is required for the execution of production, sales and administration
of a institution operation. As a discipline, Accounting is concerned
with the acquisition and administration of the use of the firms’ funds
as well as profit planning and control Accounting analysis is inevitable
for the effective planning and control of any firm.
To effectively plan for the future, the Accounting manager
should be able to assess the Accounting position of the firm and relates
this to its confronting investment opportunities. Since funds are
scarce, Accounting analysis helps the Accounting manager to assess the
returns on investment accruing from sloughing the firms’ assets and
thereby efficiently allocating resources.
However, Accounting is the employment of the firm’s balance sheet and income statement to establish some relationship between one figure and another in order to highlight the strengths and weakness of the concerned institution. The balance sheet of a firm is also called the Accounting position because it shows the position of the institution in monetary term at a given point in time while the income statement show how the position depicted by the balance sheet has been attained. The results of accounting analysis are normally expressed as accounting ratios, which could be broadly classified as liquidity, leverage, activity and profit ratio. The suppliers of the firm’s funds and the investing public are usually interested in these ratios. But the nature of interest expressed on the firm determines the ratios to be emphasized by each concerned parts. This implies that different people emphasize on different ratios and as a result accounting analysis means different thing to different people.
For instance, creditors are interested on those ratios, which
measure the ability of the form to service their debts and pay the
principal as and when due while the equity owners are interested on the
profitability ratios. The Accounting manager occupies a unique position
in the firm as he should be able to computer interpret and explain
these ratios to various interest groups in the firm when the firm
requires funds from outside sources, the Accounting manager should be
able to use the relevant ratio to convince investors to supply their
funds. Also the Accounting manager should be able to justify the
reasonableness of some investment or project being under taken by
management before the shareholders.
However, the cost involved in the employment of a Accounting
manager makes it mandatory for small-scale institution to engage the
services of a Accounting consultant. The increased use of high-speed
computers in various facets of institution should popularize the use of
Accounting ratios in institution decision. This is because computer
would provide the necessary equipment to handle problems associated with
voluminous maze of Accounting data due to lack of time or more.
This study therefore, aims at the development of a database for Accounting statements and a set of programs to computer, store and retrieve various Accounting ratios for some institution.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The Nigeria institution Act of 1968 stipulate that all
registered institution in Nigeria should file their audited annual
balance sheet this will guide the investors in the development of the
funds and to provide basis for institution taxation. But there are some
problems facing the Accounting of any institution. These problems
includes:-
1. Illegal use of money cards – some managers has taken the
privilege of using both credit and debit cards to steal institution
money and some do not know how to use this cards thereby causing
problems to the institutions.
2. One of the major loopholes of an un-computerized Accounting
system is its ability to fraud a institution. This poses a problem to
the management of a institution.
3. Some institution employ inexperienced managers who are not
professionals in the field of computing and this will restrict the
objectives of the computerized system to a certain limit.
4. Insufficient fund- to set up a complete computerized
Accounting system requires a huge amount of money. Some institutions
find it difficult to afford or cannot afford it.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. The use of password and other security measures enable a institution to prevent unauthorized user of the files.
2. The use of money cards by some customers will act as a
security measure against armed robbers and other inconveniences ca-use
by the bulkiness of their money.
3. Information can be stored for future use and can also be
retrieved at an electronic speed. This will prevent the time wasting
while using the manual files.
4. The computer has been proved without any doubt to be far more
accurate than either any know person or any previous machine performing
mechanical operation with data.
5. Computer works at incredible high speed. It performs
millions of calculations, sort and combines information in different
ways within a second.
DELIMITATION OF STUDY
This study is focused on IMT Enugu, one of the prominent
institutions in Enugu, owned by private individual. It has been chosen
as case study because it is expected that given it size, modernity and
its promoters. It will satisfy our data need. In examining the
management of the institution, this project is limited to the Accounting
aspect of the management.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
I was constrained by menu factors in carrying out this research
work. This was despite my intention to make more research on the issue.
Firstly, I was constrained by time factor. The project was not given
enough periods in out timetable. And there was some academic constrains
that is the combination of lectures, exams and writing of the project
proved cumbersome. Secondly, due to the prevailing economic order in
the country in general and the agency institution in particular. I had
not enough fund to Accounting more extensive research on the subject.
Thirdly information were made difficult to obtain by attitudes of some
personnel to conserve their duty of secrecy, institution management did
not permit the disclosure of account programs.
ASSUMPTION
It is assumed that a computerized Accounting account will be of
great advantage to both the institution management and government.
Data can be easily documented and retrieved in most economic manner.
Computer are never tired of carrying out a repetitive task as
Accounting manager may be and everything is done at an electronic speed.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DATA
Raw information when data is processed, it becomes information.
HARDWARE
The physical components of a computer like the keyboard, the video display unit (VDU) etc.
MICRO-PROCESSOR
The part of a computer system that performs the major activities like reasoning calculation etc.
PROGRAM
Series of logically related instructions arranged for the
computer to execute or run. It controls the activities of the system
(i.e the system program or the application program).
PASSWORD
A word supplied to a computer in order to gain access to the system or a file.
SOFTWARE
The logical components of the system like the program. They are not visible.
ASSETS
These are those items, which belongs to a institution so long as
they have value the values can be objectively measured and the
ownership by the assets can be proved.
LIABILITIES
These are those item s owned by the institution.
BALANCE SHEET
This portrays the assets and liabilities of a institution at specific point in time. It also is known as the position.
INCOME STATEMENT
This is a summary of all transactions, which have taken place
during a period, resulting in either a profit or loss figure.
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