- The Complete Research Material is averagely 52 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Variance measures the variability or difference from a mean or response. A variance value of 0 indicates that all values within a set of numbers are identical. Statisticians use variance to see how individual numbers or values relate to each other. Estimating variance components in statistics refers to the processes involved in efficiently calculating the variability within responses or values. Variance component are estimated when
· A new improved trait is discovered
· Variances or variability changes or alternate overtime due to environmental or genetic changes.
· A new trait is about to be defined or explained
A cardinal objective of many genetic surveys is the estimation of variance components associated with individual traits. Heritability, the proportion of variation in a trait that is contributed by average effects of genes, may be calculated from variance components. The heritability of a trait gives an indication of the ability of a population to respond to selection, and thus, the potential of that population to evolve (Lande & Shannon, 1996). Estimates of variance components are common in the discipline of animal breeding and production, where this information on the variance components is used in the development of selection regimes to improve economically important traits (Lynch & Walsh, 1998). A requirement for estimating variance components is knowledge of the relationship structure of the population. In a natural population, variance components are also of considerable interest for evolutionary studies (Boag, 1983) and also for conservation purposes. In natural populations, however, information on relationships may be unreliable or unavailable. These estimates of relationships may be combined with phenotypic information gathered from the same individuals, allowing inferences to be made about variance components (Ritland, 1996; Mousseau et al., 1998).
Molecular data are used to infer relationships between animals on a pair-wise basis, because this provides the least complex level at which relationships may be estimated, while still allowing a population to be divided into several relationship classes. Estimates of pair-wise relationships are then combined with a pair-wise measure of phenotypic information. Several methods of estimating variance components have been studied, but for the purpose of clarity four different methods of estimating these variance components will be evaluated in this research work. They are;
1. The ANOVA method
2. The Maximum likelihood method
3. The Restricted maximum likelihood method
4. The Quasi maximum likelihood method.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM
They have been general contradictions on the appropriate method to use in the estimating the variance components of animals. So this problem has led us into this research to ascertain the relatively best or appropriate method to be used in estimating these variance components in farm animals.
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The major objective of this study is to determine the best method to be used between the methods enumerated above in estimating variance components of farm animals.
1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A major significance of this study is to unravel the relatively best methods among the methods highlighted above with a view to advising animal breeders, producers and animal researchers on the best method to be used in estimating variance components as which relatively better method has generated a lot of controversies over time .
1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is centered on the methods of estimating variance components in farm animals, to know which of the methods is relatively better in estimation.
1.6. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Ø Variance: the amount by which something changes or is different from something else.
Ø Estimation: a judgment or opinion about the value or quality of somebody or something.
Ø Traits: a particular quality in someone’s personality.
Ø Genetic: the units in the cells of livings that controls its physical characteristics.
Ø Components: one of several parts of which something is made.
1.7. HYPOTHESIS TO BE TESTED
H0: there is no significant difference between the methods of estimating variance components.
H1: there is a significant difference between the methods of estimating variance components.
Level of significance: 0.05
Decision rule: reject H0 if p-value is less than the level of significance. Accept H0 if otherwise.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR COMPUTER SCIENCE FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTERIZED RESTAURANT MENU SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF AROMA RESAURANT BAUCHI)
» ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
2. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTERISED TOURISM INFORMATION SYSTEM (CASE STUDY OF OWERRI IN IMO STATE) NOTE: YOU CAN CHANGE THE CASE STUDY
» CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world today. It plays an important part in nation’s economy by p...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 91 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
3. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A VIRTUAL LIBRARY SYSTEM
» ABSTRACTThe Virtual Library is currently developing, as the society becomes more dependent on technology to store and obtain information quickly and e...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 70 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
4. THE IMPACT OF INTERNET IN THE SOCIETY
» ABSTRACT Children brought up in the orphanage home cannot cope effectively with the outside world, this display in their dispositions because most of ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
5. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATED INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Inventory management and asset tracking need to record all the durable assets of an institute. Many organizations, i.e. c...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 93 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
6. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FINGERPRINT VERIFICATION SYSTEM FOR CRIME
» CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction I shall discuss on the techniques that will be employed by me on accomplishing this research work, its limitation and sco...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 65 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
7. Design And Implementation Of A Computerized Financial Accounting System For A Hotel Industry (A Case Study Of Modotel Hotel, Okpara Avenue Enugu)
» Abstract The importance of financial accounting is gradually being recognized as germane to prudent management of any business firm. This has necessit...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 55 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
8. GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION (A CASE STUDY OF THE EMERGENCY UNIT OF MATER MISERICORDIAE HOSPITAL AFIK...
» ABSTRACT Telemonitoring during the golden hour of patient transportation helps in improved Medicare. Presently there are different physiological data ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
9. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC EXAMINATION TIME TABLE (A CASE STUDY OF SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Time table is a structured schedule of an event with time at which they occur, especially tim...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 67 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
-
10. COMPUTERIZED PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
» CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTIONIn most organizations particularly business organizations, most of what goes on consists largely of transactions. A transa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 65 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT