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CHAPTER ONE 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 
The traditional and age-old system of intelligence and criminal record 
maintenance has failed to live up to the requirements of the existing crime 
scenario. Manual processes neither provide accurate, reliable and 
comprehensive data round the clock nor does it help in trend prediction and 
decision support. It also results in lower productivity and ineffective 
utilisation of manpower. The solution to this ever-increasing problem lies in 
the effective use of Information Technology. Crime Tracking Information 
System uses computer-generated records as an interface for integrating and 
accessing massive amounts of location-based information. 
Crime tracking system allows police personnel to plan effectively for 
emergency response, determine mitigation priorities, analyse historical 
events, and predict future events. Crime tracking system helps identify 
potential suspects to increase investigators suspect base when no leads are 
evident. The ability to access and process information quickly while 
displaying it in a spatial and visual medium allows agencies to allocate 
resources quickly and more effectively. In the ‘mission-critical’ nature of 
law enforcement, information about the location of a crime, incident, 
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suspect, or victim is often crucial to determine the manner and size of the 
response. Crime tracking software helps co-ordinate vast amounts of 
location-based data from multiple sources. It enables the user to layer the 
data and view the data most critical to the particular issue or mission. 
It is used world over by police departments, both large and small, to provide 
solutions for crime analysis, criminal tracking, traffic safety, community 
policing, Intranet/Internet mapping, and numerous other tasks. 
Crime tracking system helps crime officers determine potential crime sites 
by examining complex seemingly unrelated criteria and displaying them all 
in an interface. It also helps them map inmate populations, fixtures, and 
equipment to provide for the safety of inmates by separating gang members, 
identifying high-risk or potentially violent inmates, and identifying 
hazardous locations in an area. It reduces the potential for internal violence 
by providing better command and control. Traditionally, these activities 
have been supported by paper and pen. Police officers now have the ability 
to immediately generate crime report directly relevant to the situation at 
hand. Police agencies collect vast amounts of data from many sources 
including called-for-services, arrests, first information reports and daily 
report. The same information provides a powerful decision making tool for 
investigators, supervisors, and administrators. 
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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 
The lack of reliable central case recording systems for Nigerian police 
meant that cases were in effect impossible to trace without considerable 
resources, effort and a lot of luck. For criminal cases the impact of this has 
been felt in the practice of ‘holding charge’, where people are arrested and 
charged with capital offences in order to ensure their continued detention, 
whilst there is little or no evidence of their involvement. This issue has 
contributed significantly to the visible inefficiency of the Criminal Justice 
System, particularly the congestion of the prisons and the courts.  
To improve the flow of cases and achieve speedier administration of justice, 
the introduction and deployment of information technology (IT) based case 
management and tracking systems is needed.  
1.3   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY      
The purpose of this project is to design and implement a database for storing 
crime records. This will aid the police in crime tracking and control. 
 The main objective of the project was to Speed up criminal trials and 
reduces the length of time Awaiting Trial Prisoners (ATPs) stay in prison by 
setting up a criminal case tracking system that improves coordination 
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between justice institutions. The system would ensure a better case flow and 
efficient data management that would inform better management decisions. 
1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY 
Implementation of a crime tracking information system by the Nigerian 
police will help the police and the masses to get useful information on 
individuals with crime records. The system developed will among other 
things: 
1. Maintain a database of all crime records 
2. Enable a quick search on the database to retrieve crime  information 
3. Enables Enugu police and the Nigerian police to track previous 
crimes committed by a  suspect. 
4.   Improved operational efficiency through the use of a standardized 
system, searchable digital repository of relevant documents, automated 
workload distributed and virtual boarding of cases. 
5. With Case Tracking System (CTS), it is possible to access contact 
details of the Nigeria police Force (NPF) and the judiciary at a glance and it 
facilitates quicker and more effective communication between the police 
and judiciary. With Case Tracking Information System attorney’s would 
spend less time to utilize the information in a manner that is most beneficial 
to them. 
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1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT 
Due to time and financial constraint, I was unable to visit most of the 
police stations in Enugu to gather information on the existing crime 
tracking information system. Few police stations were visited and the 
information gathered from the officers in charge forms the basis for the 
design of the new system.   

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