ABSTRACT

Though stone base has been known as material for base construction in flexible pavements, recent findings have shown that stone base can be used as an all-in-concreting aggregate. Different tests carried out on stone base have shown that the concrete can attain a reasonable compressive strength in excess of 22N/mn2 for a period of 28 days. This research work therefore reports the results of an investigation into the strength of stone base concrete as the cement content was increased from 300kg to 400kg but with the same water cement ratio of 0.5. A total of 9 cubes with the same water test, saturated density test and compressive strength test were carried out. The result obtained has shown that the compressive strength of stone base concrete increases with an increase in the cement content. Also there has been an economic advantage in cost analysis when stone base was used as concreting aggregates as the result shows.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page…            …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        i

Title Page…  …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        ii

Declaration…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        iii

Certification…         …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        iv

Dedication…            …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        v

Acknowledgements…         …        …        …        …        …        …        …        vi

Abstract…     …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        vii

Table of Contents…            …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        viii

List of Tables…        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        xi

List of Figures…      …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study…            …        …        …        …        …        …        1

1.2       Statement of the Problem…           …        …        …        …        …        2

1.3       Objectives of the Study…  …        …        …        …        …        …        2

1.4       Significance of the Study…           …        …        …        …        …        2

1.5       Scope of the Study…           …        …        …        …        …        …        3

1.6       Outline of the Study…        …        …        …        …        …        …        3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Concrete…  …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        4

2.2     Components of Concrete…       …        …        …        …        …        5

2.3     Types of Concrete…        …        …        …        …        …        …        7

2.3.1  Normal…     …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        7

2.3.2  Flowing Concrete…         …        …        …        …        …        …        7

2.3.3  Roller Compacted Concrete… …        …        …        …        …        8

2.3.4  Prestressed Concrete…   …        …        …        …        …        …        8

2.3.5  Precast Concrete…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        9

2.3.6  Cast Insitu Concrete…    …        …        …        …        …        …        9

2.3.7  High Performance Concrete…  …        …        …        …        …        9

2.4     Properties of Concrete…            …        …        …        …        …        …        10

2.4.1  Workability of Concrete…        …        …        …        …        …        10

2.4.2  Strength of Concrete…   …        …        …        …        …        …        11

2.4.3  Durability of Concrete…            …        …        …        …        …        …        11

2.5       Factors that Affects the Properties of Concrete…          …        …        12

2.6     Review of Current Research… …        …        …        …        …        13

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIAL AND METHOD

3.1     Title…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        14

3.2     Aim…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        14

3.3     Apparatus…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        14

3.4     Materials… …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        15

3.5     Test…           …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        15

3.6     Procedure…            …        …        …        …        …        …        …        …        16

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1       Data Presentation and Analysis… …        …        …        …        …        17

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1       Conclusion…            …        …        …        …        …        …        …        24

5.2       Recommendations…           …        …        …        …        …        …        25

            REFERENCES…    …        …        …        …        …        …        …        27

            APPENDIX…          …        …        …        …        …        …        …        29

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1:      Description of workability of slump…    …        …        …        16

Table 4.1:      Result of sieve analysis of stone base…  …        …        …        17

Table 4.1.1    Result of sieve analysis of river sand…   …        …        …        18

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1:     Graph of mean strength against days using 20mm

aggregate size…       …        …        …        …        …        …        19

Figure 4.2:     Graph of density against days using 20mm aggregate size…   20

Figure 4.3:     Graph of mean strength against days using 40mm

aggregate size…       …        …        …        …        …        …        20

Figure 4.4:     Graph of mean density against days using 40mm

aggregate size…       …        …        …        …        …        …        21

Figure 4.5:     Graph of mean strength against days using 60mm

aggregate size…       …        …        …        …        …        …        21

Figure 4.6:     Graph of mean density against days using 60mm

aggregate size…       …        …        …        …        …        …        22

Figure 4.7:     Combined graph of mean strength against days using

                        20, 40, and 60mm aggregate size…           …        …        …        22

Figure 4.8:     Combined graph of mean strength against days using

                        20, 40, and 60mm aggregate size…         &nbs