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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to develop a value-added product from a renewable resource, investigate the effect of its loadings on the mechanical and thermal properties of PS, as well as, to investigate the interaction between PS and plasticiser (ENO). Neem oil has high contents of unsaturated fatty acids which can be converted to epoxy fatty acids. The vegetable oil-based epoxy materials are sustainable, renewable and biodegradable materials replacing petrochemical-based epoxy materials in some applications. Neem oil was epoxidised at 600C and one atmospheric pressure for 5 hours. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the unsaturation and epoxy group in the neem oil (NO) and epoxidised neem oil (ENO). Disappearance of the absorption band around 3011.7 cm-1 shows that the C=C has been used up and the appearance of a band around 943 cm-1 which is not seen in the spectrum of the raw neem oil confirm the success of epoxidation. ENO was used as a green plasticiser and added to PS. ENO was added to PS at different contents using solution casting method. Different compositions of PS/ENO blends; (95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35, 45/55, and 35/65) were tested for mechanical performance, thermal behaviour, morphological arrangement and miscibility. Comparison of mechanical properties such as elongation at break, tensile strength and tensile modulus revealed apparent compatibility domain for 95/5 PS/ENO (8.70±0.08, 24.40±0.02 and 37.0±1.0). The miscibility of the two components (PS/ENO) in solution phase was investigated by reduced as well as relative viscosities. The viscosity measurements revealed that miscibility occurs between the compositions 95/5, 85/15, 45/55 and 35/65 wt% PS/ENO while phase inversion and phase separation occur at compositions 65/35 and 75/25 wt% showing immiscibility and incompatibility. Morphological arrangements of the blends were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs of the blends showed a two-phase system appearing bright (epoxy phase) and the other appearing black (PS phase) in virtually all the micrographs, even though the heterogeneity due to phase inversions (phase changes) was relevant for some compositions. For other compositions, a domain distribution showed considerable miscibility within the range of compositions. But blends composition of 95/5, 85/15. 65/35 wt% show better morphology. However, blend composition of 35/65 forms another region within the morphology leading to phase separation. The thermal study reported that plasticisation of the PS with ENO at certain compositions lowers the glass-transition temperature (Tg), crystallisation temperature (Tc) as well as melting temperature (T
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SIMILAR CHEMISTRY FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
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1. FORMULATION AND PRODUCTIOIN OF ALCOHOL FROM PALM WINE.
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION The manufacture of alcohol by fermentation has bee3n known since amtignity, the4 main purpose being the preparation of al...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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2. CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF ACTIVATEDTAMARIND KERNEL POWDER IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE - WATER TREATMENT
» ABSTRACT Activated tamarind kernel powderwas prepared from tamarind seed(Tamarindus indica);and utilized for the removal of Acid Red 1, Reactive Orang...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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3. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF Euphorbia balsamifera LEAVES (Aguwa)
» ABSTRACT Euphorbia balsamifera plant belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Leaves, stems and roots of Euphorbia balsamifera were extracted using eth...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 88 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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4. CULTURAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES SPECIES
» ABSTRACT A total of 106 actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of plants in abbatoir and refuse dumps in Awka and Onitsha were investigated for t...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 175 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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5. COMBINED EFFECTS OF PLAY-SIMULATIONS AND TEACHING WITH ANALOGY ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN CHEMISTRY
» ABSTRACT Excessive use of the lecture method in teaching science to secondary school students has been faulted by science educators: It leads to low a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 122 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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6. ASSESSMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) LEVEL IN ENUGU METROPOLIS MONITORING INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTIAL AREA
» ABSTRACT Air pollutions pollutant showed that the extent of spreading depends on the motor vehicle traffic population of the area. This pollution stro...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 69 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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7. THE PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE BY THERMAL METHOD.
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Activated carbon also called activated charcoal is a carbonaceous, highly porous adsorptive m...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 42 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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8. THE EFFECT OF VARIABLE SUCTION AND CHEMICAL REACTION.
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Oscillatory flows has known to result in higher rates of heat and mass transfer, many studies hav...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 31 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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9. at the production of ethanol from switch grass (Panicum Virgatum).
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Increasing demand for the production of energy from renewable sources has fueled a search for alternativ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 59 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
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10. INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS` PERCEPTIONS OF CHEMISTRY CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT ON THEIR ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHEMISTRY.
» ABSTRACT Students perform very poorly in Chemistry in the last few decades, many reasons have been induced to explain these poor performances. Attitud...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT