CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the study

Effective collective bargaining in an organization has been an important role for the human resources department to effectively plan, control, design, discharge responsibilities and authorities to various employees in order to reach or meet the organizational goals and objectives. In doing this, the human resources department in any organization is expected to use the utmost human resources skills and techniques to avert conflict in task, duties, responsibilities and authorities. As organization will like to leave its original purpose of the organization, every aspect or sphere in the human resource department, the line staff, the subordinate staff or the clerks must be put into consideration. Moreso, it has been lately proven by a statistician that in both private public organization in Nigeria 70% of them have human conflict (Ifado, 2004). This comes by mobility, mismanagement of the resources department and this endemic virus is eating into the economic system. How can this be curbed? Furthermore, organizational development and productivity is concerned with attempt to improve the overall performance, effectiveness, relation and brotherliness. Especially, it is applied behavioural science to plan, change and development that could organizational conflict. In fact, sound manpower organization to conflict and checkmate the organizational goals and objectives from the human resources department. 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A research problem is a question about relation between two or more variables. (Egboro and Nomuoja, 2006). Igemgie (2002) opined that 81% organizational conflicts are from the mismanagement of human resources department. This could be as a result of the human resources personnel, by employing the wrong hands mis-allocation of duties, responsibilities and authorities. This simple problem which has been recognized has eaten deep into the fabric of most organizational development and productivity. Hence, measures have to be taken by turning the raging situation

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study cannot be overemphasized. The main objectives are; 
1. To determine the impact of collective bargaining in resolving organizational conflict

 
2. To ascertain the relationship between collective bargaining and organizational conflict.

 3. To assess the importance of personnel manager in reducing / setting organizational conflict.

 4. To examine the possible educational skills that could enhance effective human relation management. 

5. To examine the effect of the organizational conflict on the organizational goals and to examine how work duties, responsibilities can be delegated to staff or employees in the organization to enhance effective human relation. 

1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis is tentative statement that is subject to empirical test. It is an intelligent guess about the possible difference or relationship between this or more variable (Egboro and Nomuoja, 2006). For the purpose of this research work, two hypotheses are formulated below. The null hypotheses (H­o) are in negative form while the alternate hypotheses (H1) are in positive forms;

 
Hypothesis One 

Ho:     There is no significant relationship between undefined duties and responsibilities and role conflict.

H1:     There is a significant relationship between undefined duties and responsibilities and role conflict.

 Hypothesis Two 

Ho:     There is no significant relationship between collective bargaining and efficient performance productivity. 

 H1:     There is a significant relationship between collective bargaining and efficient performance productivity. 

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this research work is vital to users, managers, supervisors, student and the management of Nigeria Bottling Company, Onitsha in particular and other similar companies in general in the following arms as it will be revealed to them in their various fields of endeavours. 
1. It will reveal to the users how organizational conflicts can be resolved. 
2. The research work will instill in users and readers the dangers of organizational conflict in productivity.

 3. This work will also educate readers on the importance of personnel managers in solving or settling organizational conflict. 
4. The result of this research work will enlighten the users, the importance of human resources management. 

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

The scope of the study is not farfetched from Nigeria Bottling company, Onitsha, Anambra State. The study tends to analyze and suggest measure of controlling conflicts sustained in the organization. 
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 

Like every human endeavour, this research had its own constraints and difficulties to include; 

 The researcher could not reach all the respondents to get the appropriate information needed due to financial constraints. The researcher could not get some information that would have been vital and important because they were regarded as confidential. The shortness of time and period allocated for the writing of the project did not allow the researcher to travel to some other branch office of the company to collect data, questionnaire and additional information. 

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS 

Some terms in this study may look strange to the readers. In order to avoid misunderstanding of the study, the following terms are hereby identified and defined;

1.  Human Relation: This is concerned with the relationship between the policies and practices of the organization and its staff and the behaviour at work. 

2. Employee: A person who is employed and gets paid in an organization.

 3. Conflict: The behaviour intended in obstructing achievement of some other person’s goal.

 4. Personnel management: This is that department in an organization that is concerned with the people at work and their relation as well as promoting and stimulating competent workforce to make their fullest contribution to the concerned organization.

 5. Training and Development: Is the process of training employee in order for them to improve on their knowledge and skills and to change attribute in their place of work. 

6. Collective Bargaining: Is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. 

7. Organization: A social unit of people systematically structured and managed to meet or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. 
8. Manpower training: this is that aspect of an organization that endure that the right number and quality of staff are available at the appropriate time to perform useful jobs that enhance the development of the organization. 
9. Compensation: This refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits; employee receives as that part of employment relationship or compensation is the remuneration given to employ for work done. 
10. Motivation: This is the will to work and contribute action to a given process without being forced to do so. 

11. Resolution: is a measure of efficiency of production. A product is a ration of production output to what is required to produce (inputs). 

12. Productivity: The rate at which an organization produces goods, the amount produced compared with how much time, work and money it is needed o produce them.

 Recruitment: The process of attracting or finding new people to work in an organization.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study 

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