CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Acoustics (Greek Akousin, “to hear”). Term sometimes used for the science of sound in general. It is more commonly used for the special branch of that science architectural acoustics that deals with the construction of enclosed area so as to enhance the hearing of speech or music.

For the treatment of acoustics as a branch of the pure science of physics, the acoustics of buildings was an undeveloped aspect of the study of sound until comparatively recent times. The Roman architect Marcus pollio, who lived during the first century BC made some pertinent observations on the subject and some astitute guesses concerning reverberation and interference. The scientific aspects of this subject, however, were first brought treated by the American physicist. Joseph Henry in 1856 and more fully developed by the American physicist Wallace Sabine in 1900.

       Here, sound is the sensation produced by a certain range of rapid fluctuations of air pressure affecting the air mechanism. Vibrations from a source of noise excite a similar movement into the molecules of air, which result in a series of rules of increased pressure moving outwards from the original spruce. These vibrations can be transmitted not only through air, but also through elastic medium including the materials that make up the building fabrics.

       Actually, for many decades, there have been much negligence of sound insulation in buildings; therefore the benefits accompanied with it could not be achieved. It is certain that man spend most of his time in the buildings and partly for outdoor activities. Lack of sound insulation in building is a nuisance to the occupants because noise can easily transmit from one room to the other or from part of the building to the other part.

       One of the most researched subject a signal processing and acoustics is active noise control.  This system uses sensors, micro phones and digital signal processing boards to create the antinoise of a sound.  The system can create the anti-noise by manipulating the error signal with the adaptive fitters of the digital signal processor, thereby compensating in any change in the plant of the system model.

       Any sound that leaks out of the studio into the neighborhood and surrounding apartment is acquired to a significant extent, as an annoyance.  Hence to provide effective sound insulations in broadcasting house adequate provisions are made from the design stage to the actual execution. Construction stage.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The need for sound insulation result from the necessity to improve the comfort of the studio workers/users.  This intensities the need to make the entire building free of noise, which causes discomfort or dissatisfaction to the users.

       In radio or television houses, several factors contribute to sound or air pollution which include motor traffic, human traffic both on the road and which the building, improper planning of the building and its environment. The banging of doors noise emanating from other electrical/electronic equipment in the house and poor construct techniques etc.

       Because of the role radio or television houses play in the sustenance of social economics and political activities in Nigeria, there arises the need to verify the causes of sound or noise penetration into studio and the possible remedy to it.

1.3     PURPOSE  OF THE STUDY

The aim and objectives of this study is to control noise pollution and sound insulation in buildings.

       Specifically, the objectives of this research are:

i.            to assess the adverse impact of noise and adopting suitable control techniques for noise reduction

ii.           to determine whether sound  insulation enable good production and reception in buildings.

iii.         To examine the way sound behaves within the space when it penetrates into it.

iv.         Evaluation of the source of noise in buildings

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant very because construction company will use the result and recommendations of this research to adopt insulation requirement in building construction, while the lecturers, staff and students will also use the research to adopt the development/improvement of knowledge about how to control noise and sound insulation in building especially in broadcasting studio

Furthermore, the study will be used for further research for any professional and also, for external use like the government.

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTION

With the great importance of the research, the following questions where put up.

v Is lack of sound insulation in building a nuisance?

v Can the adoption of suitable control techniques reduce the adverse impact of noise in a studio?

v Is it essential to study the way sound behaves within the spaces when it penetrates into it?

v Does sound insulation enable good sound production and reception in building?

1.6     DELIMITATIONS

This research covers a very broad area in sound insulation, but it is limited to radio or television houses a case study of Owerri.

1.7      LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

in the study, the control of noise pollution and sound insulation in buildings, the researcher encountered some difficulties in the course of carrying out this research work, notable among them include: 

The non-cooperation nature of many respondents, thinking that the researcher has something else to do with the information given other than for academic purpose.

Owing to time frame given for this study, it was not easy for the researcher to bring the work to the best standard.

Financial constraints also contributed immensely to limit the extent to which data are collected.

1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS

NOISE:                                                      

This is said to be an unwanted or undesired sound. Noise in physics is an acoustic, electric, or electronic signal consisting of a random mixture of wavelength.

SOUND                             

Sound is a form, of energy emitted by a vibrating body and on reaching the ear, it causes the sensation of hearing through nerves.

DECIBEL

This is the measurement unit of sound, represented by DB

ACOUSTICS

Acoustics (Greek akouein, “to hear”), term sometimes used for the science of sound in general. It is commonly used for the special branch of that science, architectural acoustics, that deals with the construction of enclosed areas so as to enhance the hearing of speech or music.

EAR

This is the organ of hearing and balance.  Only vertebrates or animals with backbones have ears.

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