ABSTRACT

It is seen that the rising of construction materials in developing countries has necessitated research into the use of alternative materials civil engineering construction. In this study, a concrete mix of 1:2:4 was used as control, while cow bone ash and rice husk ash were used to replaced cement in concrete by weight. 57 cubes were produced the workability and compressive strength were evaluating at 7days, 14days and 28days. The compressive strength of concrete decrease as the percentage of replacement increased. Concrete produced by 0%, 5%, 15% and 20% replacement attained for 28days are as follow: 26.43N/mm2, 25.50N/mm2, 20.70 N/mm2, 19.29 N/mm2, 13.24 N/mm2 for RHA and 26.43N/mm2, 25.61N/mm2, 21.60N/mm2 20.67N/mm2, 14.05N/mm2 for CBA. Corresponding to the compressive strength of the control value. The result of the study showed that concrete produced by replacing it by 5% and 10% of RHS and CBA can be used concrete, reinforcement concrete construction. The use of RHA and CBA as partial replacement of cement in concrete should be encouraged as an environmental protection and reduced cost of measurement.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. i

DEDICATION.. ii

CERTIFICATION.. iii

ASBSTRACT. iv

Chapter one. 1

1.1         Background of study. 1

1.2         AIM... 2

1.3         OBJECTIVES. 2

1.4         Scope of Study. 2

1.5         Justification. 2

Chapter two. 1

Literature review.. 1

2.1         CONCRETE. 1

2.2         Cement. 2

2.3         Aggregates. 2

2.4         Shape. 3

2.5         Texture. 4

2.6         Strength. 4

2.7         Water. 4

2.8      FRESH CONCRETE. 5

2.8.1 Workability. 5

2.9      HARDENED CONCRETE. 5

2.10      CURING OF CONCRETE. 6

2.11      GRADES OF CONCRETE. 6

2.12      Chemical analysis. 8

2.13      BOGUES EQUATION.. 8

2.14           BONES. 9

2.15      Chemical Composition of Bones. 10

2.16      RICE HUSK ASH..