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KADUNA STATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - i
Dedication - - - - - - - - ii
Declaration - - - - - - - - - iii
Project Approval - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - v
Table of content - - - - - - - - vi
Abstract - - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Aim - - - - - - - - - 4
1.2 Objectives - - - - - - - - 4
1.3 Statement of Research Problem - - - - - - 4
1.4 Justification - - - - - - - - 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review- - - - - - - - 6
2.1 An automated Teller Machine (ATM machine) - - - - 6
2.2 History and invention of ATM machines - - - - 6
2.3 ATMs contact surfaces - - - - - - - 7
2.4 Hygiene - - - - - - - - - 8
2.5 Poor personal hygiene - - - - - - - 8
2.6 Cross contamination - - - - - - - 9
2.7 Outbreak associated with ATM contact surfaces- - - - 9
2.8 Contributing factors to illness- - - - - - - 10
2.9 Enteric Bacteria - - - - - - - - 13
2.1.1 Selected genera of the Family Enterobacteriaceae - - - 16
2.1.2Escherichia coli- - - - - - - - - 16
2.1.3 Salmonella species. - - - - - - - 21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods - - - - - - - 23
3.1 Sampling sites - - - - - - - - 23
3.2 Sample collection - - - - - - - 23
3.3 Media preparation - - - - - - - 24
3.4 Bacteriological Procedures - - - - - - 24
3.4.1 Serial dilution - - - - - - - - 24
3.4.2 Inoculation and incubation of samples - - - - 25
3.4.3 Gram staining - - - - - - - - 26
3.5 Biochemical tests - - - - - - - 27
3.5.1 Citrate utilization test - - - - - - - 27
3.5.2 Indole test - - - - - - - - 27
3.5.3 Methyl red test - - - - - - - - 27
3.5.4 Voges-Proskauer test - - - - - - - 28
3.5.5 Triple sugar iron test - - - - - - - 28
3.5.6 Urease test - - - - - - - - 28
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results - - - - - - - - - 30
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