CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            BACKGROUND OF STUDY 

Alvin Tofler, one of the most successful of contemporary popularizes has proclaimed the arrival of an “adhocratic” society. This expansive vision of nearly emerging postindustrial order, mirroring that of Daniel Bell is encapsulated in Tofler’s view that we are living through a period of massive societal development. First wave of agricultural revolution and the second wave of industrial revolution development in the world over is now being superseded by an third socio-economic ware, even through the industrial revolution is still in progress in most part of the third world countries. This new socio-economic shift termed third ware is the arrival of computer revolution. This means that humanity faces quantum leap forwards as we engage in building a remarkable new civilization from group up. Definition of computer: the oxford dictionary defined computer as an electronic device which stores information on e.g magnetic tape, analysis it and produces information as required from the data on tapes or deistic.

While the American Heritage dictionary of the English language defined it as a service that computes especially as electronic machine that performs high speed mathematical or logical calculations or the assembles, store correlates or otherwise processes and prints information derived from loaded data in accordance with a predetermined programme.

This implies that although computer has no brain of its own to reason live human beings, it performs complete mathematical problems as fast as possible even faster than the human brain. The computer is an advanced technological convention which has evolved as a product of our modern day society. The above statement notwithstanding, he public still approach the course with apprehension and in some cases develop absolute fear for this device. The reason being that the computer came upon the whole world so quickly that it now affect our various lives in so many ways. This compile with the general lack of knowledge of what the computer is, has given rise to the awareness of anti-complex feeling.

It is of nose that Nigerian industries and businesses are growing bigger and more complex every day. Manual recording and filling system of financial transaction is no longer coping with the rate of sophistication and competition in this day of modern businesses.

Management needs timely information for planning and it is only through computerized accounting methods and control system that can girl out the needed financial data immediately at the close of the banking period.

Banks and other private and commercial institutions are finding it increasingly difficult to carry out its financial data specially and accurately enough to satisfy their numerous time conscious customers. The volume of service being offered by banks have increased during the years and at the same time the number of people asking for this services has also increased during the last decade.

It has been said that hires was replaced by the motor vehicle not because the motor vehicle is that much convenient but because the hoarse is more efficient from the economic point of view.

Another is a manual operation which involves the processing of information on (2000) two thousand salaried people. The cost involved in this type of operation is numerous like personnel cost; turnover cost, raining cost, benefits, leave allowance, retirement costs, etc. then comes the computer which will not involve much cost. The only cost might be training and personnel.

The computerization and its impact on the banking in Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Just as earlier noted, the use of computer in banking and other financial institutions is still a very recent development.

Note all the banks and business sectors have actually computerized. Those that have gone computerized still leach computers is some departments which those banks which have not gone into computerization are still looking into the possibilities. But as a nation grows, its economy develops while the necessary tool that will help any economy to develop is the level of information obtainable.

The computer has an immense capacity fro storing information and for marring the data available when needed. Because of this information consciousness in the economy, it becomes apparent that for any meaningful development planning, the availability of information should be a necessary tool, banks therefore saw in this a need to go into computerization. Nevertheless, the advent of computer as stated earlier has some problems but looking at it very closely, it might not pose a problem to banks. These problems are training of personnel and financial cost. Then are very necessary before any bank could go into computerization training of personnel is very necessary for effective running and operation of any computer. The human being is the only thing that can operate a machine like computer, therefore without an effective personnel, the computer cannot be very efficient, just as stated once by a writer on computers.

My computer can read that is input

My computer can add that is output

It can even remember than man, that is memory

But my computer cannot love, that is human all these are very necessary for the personnel raining for the effective running of a computer. 

1.2   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

What is computerization as it relates to banking industry in Nigeria? Manual operation is fast being replaced by computer operation in the banking industry nowadays. What edge does the computer electronic machine has over the manual ones?

In an economic view point, how has this computerization in the banking industries help in alleviating the sufferings of the citizen of in Nigeria? Since the advent of computerization in the banking in Nigeria, it is appalling that the level of unemployment is still soaring up. Why has the act of fraud in the banking industry in Nigeria since the debit of computer more pronounced? And also sophisticated any costly errors made?

How do we achieve a more positive and efficient result with computer in the banking industry in Nigeria? These are some of the important questions which this study wishes to handle.

1.3   AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this study is to actually highlight the impact computerization has put forth on the banking industry since its involvement into the industry using the united bank for Africa plc (UBA) as our case Study. The specific objectives are;

1.   To look into the historical development of computer to enable us appreciate the dynamic nature of computer development.    

2.   To give an overview of a computer application to the numerous service being rendered in our banks.

3.   To determine if computerization affects output and efficiency in UBA bank.

4.   To determine if computerization has helped to improved the bank accounting information and storage system.

1.4   RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis One

Ho: Computerization positively affects output and efficiency in UBA bank

Hi: Computerization negatively affects output and efficiency in UBA bank

Hypothesis Two

Ho: Computerization has helped to improved the bank accounting information and storage system

Hi: Computerization has not helped to improved the bank accounting information and storage system

1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study will be benefited by the following group of individual, corporations and companies, they includes:

Student in school of financial studies: These students will benefit from this work in many ways, also helping them to know some certain problem associates with the introduction of computer in organization.

Banking industry: This project work will yield an immense benefit to the banking industries in our economy. All the banks that are intending to be computerized and already comprised ones will all benefit from that work.

System analyst: The person who studies the existing system in an organization and changes the old to eh new system. He will benefit from this work in that, it will help to know some certain technicalities in implementing a new system.

Shareholders of banks: The owner of banking industries (shareholders) will benefit from this work in that it will form a part of encouragement to them to computerize their banks since computerized banks yields more profit. . Finance Horse: All the finance hoses, with benefit from the work including government will benefit from this work, it will help all of them in knowing the advantage and disadvantages of computerization and decide in which one to do. . Depositors or investors tenders (be) benefit customers, will all benefit from the worn to customers, will certainly know That computerized banks will not waste much of his her time while manual operated banks.

1.6   SCOPE / DELIMITATION OF STUDY

The major aim of this study is to highlight the impact of computerization on the banking industries and the scope would be restricted mainly to the United bank for African plc where almost all.

The researcher also encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following.

a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study   

b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

1.7   DEFINITION OF TERMS COMPUTER

COMPUTER: An electronic device used in storing, retrieving and solving mathematical and logical problems and information.

COMPUTERIZE: To solve information in a computer or to use a computer to control operation. In operational meaning, it is a process whereby computers are employed to carry out certain operation which might as well have been done by man such operations are the collection of data, the analysis of this data and conversion of such into information which could be used in banking and may other relevant fields.

IMPACT: By oxford advance dictionary it means, strong impression or effect produced on the mine of a spectator, reader, heaven etc.

OPERATIONAL: It means where something is being brought into operation or is in use, the effect or result which it has on the whole operation.

BANKING: Oxford advance dictionary defined banking as the business of receiving money from outside sources as deposits irrespective of payment of interest and granting of money loans acceptance of credits or the purchase of bills and cheaque or the purchase and sales of securities for the account of others or the incurring of the obligation to acquire claims in respect of loans prior to their maturity or the assumption of guarantees and other warranties for others or the effecting of transfers and clearing and such other transaction the commissioner may on the recommendation of the central bank by order published in the federal Gazette designated as banking business. In operational context, person, group, organization, corporate body or Government that does banking business as defined can be called a bank.

So UBA Plc can be regarded as the people’s bank that is being sponsored by the government.

HARDWARE: This refers to the actual component that make up an installation. It comprises that external components of the computer or any related devices that can be touched such as the cpu (central processing unit) and ups (uninterrupted power supply).

SOFTWARE: A general description for all forms of programme instructions and supplementary materials used y personnel to give the computer its instructions. Such as the interview section of the computer (brain) that performs the functions.

DATA: These are raw information about customers which are usually fed into the computer such as data, account opened, name and address, account number etc.

INPUT: The process of sending data / instructions into the computer.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows: Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

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