- The Complete Research Material is averagely 56 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Far way back in 1900, while drilling an oil well in Spindle tops Texas, the drilling crew used various muddy slurs of water and clay as drilling mud. Today drilling fluids are still called drilling mud, but engineers no longer rely only on a mixture of water and clay. Instead, they carefully design compounds and mixtures with both local and foreign materials to meet specific needs of drilling operation under various drilling conditions. Modern and modified drilling fluids are truly life blood of the wells.
Drilling mud is a mixture of two or more phases consisting of a liquid phase (water, oil, or other synthetic oil) and a solid phase consisting of clay mixed with addition of certain chemical substances (additives). Drilling mud performs several functions, some of which are lubricating the bit, transporting cuttings to the surface, control of formation pressure. It is also called the life blood of the rotary drilling operation, in the sense that without it, drilling is almost impossible.
Considering the desired formation condition and reactive chemical compounds encountered by the drilling mud during the drilling operation, it is necessary to continually monitor the mud properties and prescribe possible solution to keep the fluid in good condition. Properties that must be monitored include; mud weight, viscosity, filtration properties, pH. Certain materials are used to improve these properties.
This project is concerned with enhancing the pH of drilling mud using egg shell and snail shell as local additives for the substitution of imported chemicals such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The control of pH is very essential in the drilling operation as most of the equipment used are made of metal and pH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, hence if the drilling mud is acidic ( pH less than 7), corrosion of the drilling equipment is bound to take place. Therefore when drilling operation is being performed in an acidic formation, the drill pipe, drill collars and drilling bit will corrode as a result of the acidity of the subsurface, hence the need of enhancing or improving the pH of the drilling mud have to be properly taken care of, by certain pH enhancers or modifiers.
This research therefore aims to study the suitability of egg shell and snail shell as local additives to enhance the pH of mud, both materials are easily accessible as waste and biodegradable hence using egg shell and snail shell will reduce cost and also improve waste management.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim and objective of this work is to investigate in the laboratory the suitability of egg shell and snail shell waste as local materials in improving the pH of mud.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This work is restricted only to the use of prepared samples of egg shell and snail shell as pH enhancers.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The mode of the research to be employed in this work include review of past projects, internet information, books, and empirical analysis in the laboratory.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. URBAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIEACVS: STATE ANDURBAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: STATE AND NEEDS OF FARM OPERATIONS IN ENUGIJ. NEEDS OF FARM OPERATIONS IN EN...
» Abstract The main driv,ing force for farmers to become engaged in urban agriculture are food security and income generation (poverty alleviation). In ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 125 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE METHODS ON EGG QUALITY AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BROWN EGG TYPE OF DOMESTIC FOWL
» CHAPTER ONE1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYEggs (like other agricultural products) are perishable and consequently require proper and effective storage to ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
3. EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIC SELENIUM AT DIFFERENT LEVELS ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES
» ABSTRACT The effect of dietary supplementation of organic selenium at different levels on reproductive performance of rabbit does was investigated usi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
4. IN-SERVICE NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
» Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the in service needs of agricultural science teachers of Secondary School in animal science teachi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 57 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
5. THE PREVALENCE OF POULTRY DISEASE AND ITS MORTALITY RATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The Agriculture in Nigeria has remained the largest sector contributing nearly 39% to the gross d...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
6. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY MANURE AND NPK FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PARAMETER OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum Esculentum)
» ABSTRACT This study determined the comparative analysis of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth of tomato in Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna Stat...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 34 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
7. TICK INFESTATION IN DOMESTIC CAT OBSERVED IN SOME SELECTED HOMES OF UNGWAN RIMI KADUNA
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION The domestic cat (Felis catus) is one of the most favorite animal and companion of humans in many parts of the world. Thi...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
8. THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION IN INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION AS A STRATEGY IN REDUCING POVERTY
» ABSTRACT The majority of agricultural producers in Nigeria still use the traditional approach in crop production with technological change very slow a...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 81 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
9. CHALLENGES IN ADMINISTERING THE CROSS RIVER STATE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT The study was conducted to identify the challenges in administering the Cross River State Ministry of Agriculture, Nigeria. All the staff of ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 108 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
10. UTALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE GENERATION
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Agricultural wastes are defined as the residues from the growing and processing of raw agricultural products such as frui...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 20 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT