PARASITIC NEMATODE ASSOCIATED WITH MAIZE DAMAGE IN AWKA METROPOLIS

PARASITIC NEMATODE ASSOCIATED WITH MAIZE DAMAGE IN AWKA METROPOLIS

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Nematodes are small animals or roundworms which belong to the phylum Nematoda (Hodda, 2011). They are various parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes habiting a very broad range of environments and causing damage to plant. Though this Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish, and although over 25,000 have been described,(Zhang,2013). Of which more than half are parasitic, the total number of nematode species has been estimated to be about 1 million (Lambshead, 2012). Unlike the phyla Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes (flatworms), nematodes have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Nematodes have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem. They are found in virtually every environment, both as parasites and as free-living organisms. They are generally minute, but some species can reach several meters in length. Plant parasitic nematodes, which are very small or microscopic, can cause significant damage to crops, and are extremely widespread. Maize (Zea may L) which is grown extensively in temperate, subtropical and tropical -regions of the world are some of the plant which are easily damaged by plant parasitic Nematode.   As part of cereals maize constitute the world’s most important food crops. This is due to their great adaptability, permitting successful colonisation in every type of ecological habitat; relative ease of cultivation; tillering habit giving higher yield per unit area; and good nutritive values (Vasil, 2011).


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