- The Complete Research Material is averagely 104 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »

ABSTRACT
Rice(Oryzasativa.L)isanimportantstapleandsourceofincomeforfarmersinNigeria.Currentfertilizerrecommendationsforricedonotcommonlyconsiderfertilizercostrelativetopaddyprice(CP).Theratesneededformaximizingyieldratherthanprofitshavebeenratherestimated.Asthecostoffertilizerincreasesrelativetothepriceofpaddy,thenutrientrateneededtomaximizenetreturns,typicallycalledtheeconomicallyoptimalrate(EOR),isexpectedtodecrease.Tothisend,fertilizertrialswereconductedatWushishiinNigerstateandKadawainKanostatein2015croppingseasonto:quantifytheyieldresponseoflowlandricetonitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumapplications;estimatetheEORatdifferentCP;evaluatethecomponentsofNitrogenUseEfficiency(NUE).ThetrialsconsistedofdifferentratesofN(0,40,80,120,160kg/ha),P(0,7.5,15,22.5kg/ha)andK(0,10,20,30kg/ha)arrangedinanincompletefactorialcombinationandlaidoutinarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwiththreereplicates.Atplotlevel,paddyyieldandcomponentsofyieldweremeasured.MeanyieldwithoutnitrogeninKadawaandWushishiwere2.6and5.05tons/harespectively.ThereweresignificantincreasesinyieldwithNapplicationinbothlocations.Paddyyieldwasincreasedby3tons/hainWushishiwiththeapplicationof80kg/haofN.Similarly,40kg/haproducedmaximumpaddyyieldof3.55tons/hainKadawa.Estimatedoptimumnitrogenratesfromasymptoticnon-linearregressionmodelwere114kg/haand106kg/haforWushishiandKadawarespectively.AstheCPincreased,therangeofprofitabilityandEORdecreased.InKadawa,EORrangedfrom61to32kgha-1ofNatCPof2to10.ValuesforEORwere82to49kg/haforCPof2to10forWushishi.YieldwasnotsignificantlyincreasedwithPandKapplicationsinbothlocations.AgronomicEfficiency(AE)andPartialFactorProductivitydecreasedwithincreasingNrateinbothlocations.InWushishi,AEandPFPatCPof2were32.6kg/kgand95.6kg/kgrespectively.Similarly,AEandPFPatCPof2inKadawawere15.1kg/kgand59.6kg/kgrespectively.NitrogenfertilizationwasobservedtobemoreprofitableinWushishiduetogreatercropresponse.ApplyingNitrogenateconomicallyoptimalratecanhelpreduceexpenditureonfertilizerwhilemaximizingprofitsforricegrowers.Environmentalpollutionscommonlyassociatedwithnitrogenfertilizationcanalsobereduced.
CHAPTERONE
1.0INTRODUCTION
Rice(OryzasativaL.)isanimportantstapleformorethanhalfoftheworld’spopulation.It
accountsfor18.99%ofcalorie,1.83%offatand12.73%ofproteinintakeperday(FAOSTAT,
2011).Thedemandforricemayincreaseby60%by2025(Fageriaetal.,2003).Thedemandfor
riceisgrowingparticularlyinsub-SaharanAfricaduetorapidpopulationgrowth,consumer
preferenceandrisingincome.Nigeriaisthelargestconsumerofriceinsub-SaharanAfricawith
anestimateddemandof6.7millionmetrictonsofmilledrice(USDA,2017).Productionis
estimatedat3.8millionmetrictonsofmilledriceandhasfailedtokeeppacewiththegrowing
demandresultingtotheimportationof2.6millionmetrictonsofmilledricetofillthegap.
(USDA,2017).
LowyieldhasbeenidentifiedasmajorconstrainttoriceproductioninNigeriawhereaverage
yieldisestimatedat1.88tonsperhectare(USDA,2017).Soilnutrientdepletionandlow
fertilizerusehavebeencommonlycitedasyieldlimitingfactorsinNigeria(Ezuietal.,2010;
Liverpool-Tasieetal.,2014).Farmersunderstandtheneedtoapplynutrientstotheirlandbut
littleisusedduetotheeconomicandsocialfactorssurroundingaccesstofertilizer.Highcost
anddelayeddeliveryoffertilizeraremajorlimitationstoitsuseinriceproduction.Theexpenses
incurredinprocuringfertilizerinSub-SaharanAfricaaretwotosixtimesthecostinEuropeor
theUnitedStates(Sanchez,2002).Costofimportation,marketinefficienciesandtransportation
costaresomeofthefactorsresponsibleforhighfertilizerprices.Excessivelyhighfertilizercost
usuallyreducestheprofitabilityoffertilizeruse(Kaizzietal.,2012a).
Severalstudieshavereportedsignificantincreaseinyieldofricewithfertilizerapplication.
IshayaandDauda(2010)reportedoptimumyieldof7tons/hawithapplicationof130kg/haof
1
nitrogeninthesudansavanna.Kamaraetal.(2011)observedyieldincreaseof3tons/hawiththe
applicationof100kg/haofNtoNERICAvarieties.InatrialconductedbyJibrinetal.(2010)in
thesudansavanna,120kg/haofNincreasedyieldby62.9%.
1.1StatementofProblem
TheFertilizerrecommendationforallirrigatedlowlandriceinNigeriahasbeen100kg/haN,
60kg/haP2O5and60kg/haK2O(Chudeetal.,2011)withtheassumptionthattheneedfor
appliednutrientsisconstantovervarieties,seasonsanddiverseagro-ecologicalzones.Fertilizer
recommendationsarecommonlydevelopedwithoutconsideringthecostoffertilizerrelativeto
thepriceofpaddytypicallyreferredtoasfertilizercosttopaddypriceratio(CP).Instead,the
fertilizerratesneededtoattainmaximumyieldhaveoftenbeenestimated.TheCPisanindicator
ofhowmuchofanoutputisrequiredtopurchaseakilogramofanutrient(Liverpool-Tasieetal.,
2014).Asthefertilizercostincreasesrelativetopriceofpaddy,theEconomicallyOptimumRate
(EOR),describedasthenutrientrateneededtomaximizenetreturntofertilizeruse,isexpected
todecrease(Wortmannetal.,2007).InNigeria,Liverpool-Tasieetal.(2014)observedthatthe
CPcanbeaslowas1.7andhighas11.2insomeyearsandfarmingsystems.Applyingfertilizer
atexistingrecommendationswhentheCPishighcouldleadtolownetreturnsonfertilizeruse.
Kaizzietal.(2012a)andKaizzietal.(2014)developedregressionequationstorelateCPand
EORformaizeandricerespectively.ThisprovidedameansforestimatingEORatanyCP
value.
Inaddition,Nitrogenisthemostlimitingnutrientinriceproductionasitispronetolossesby
volatilization,leachinganddenitrification(Wortmannetal.,2010).Thehighcostofnitrogenin
thedevelopingworldrequiresthathigheryieldareattainedwithminimumnitrogenfertilization
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply

You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF EXTENSION WORKERS ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ESIT EKET LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERI...
» ABSTRACT The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. However, experiences ov...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE PREVALENCE OF POULTRY DISEASE AND ITS MORTALITY RATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The Agriculture in Nigeria has remained the largest sector contributing nearly 39% to the gross d...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
3. ANALYSIS OF LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES BY FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN CHIKUN AND ZANGO KATAF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
» ABSTRACT This study examined livelihood strategies and their contribution to poverty reduction among farming households in Chikun and ZangoKataf Local...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
4. COMPARATIVE DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CONTENTS OF BREADFRUIT, BROWN BEANS AND SOYBEANS
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body (Hermann, 2002). They are one...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
5. STRATEGY FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT The study identified strategies for ensuring food security in Taraba State. Specifically, the study was designed to identify the determinants...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 121 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
6. HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN THREE VARIETIES (NORMAL FEATHERED, NAKED NECK AND FRIZZLED FEATHER) OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN AKWA IBOM STATE
» ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate Hamatological Parameters. Birds were managed intensively for two months before blood samples were collect...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
7. HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR SUGAR CONTENT AND GRAIN YIELD IN SWEET AND GRAIN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L. MOENCH) HYBRIDS
» ABSTRACT This research was conducted to study heterosis and inheritance of sugar, grain yield and other agronomic traits in sweet sorghum. The parenta...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 89 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
8. AVAILABILITY AND USE OF SWAMP RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG FARMERS IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA.
» xi ABSTRACT In spite of the use of available production technologies by swamp rice farmers, much of the world’s intensive food production is sti...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 106 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
9. A HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 19987-2000
» Abstract This study has examined the history of Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (KADP) in Kaduna State. The study found out that the act...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
10. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF REARING POULTRY
» ABSTRACT Poultry production has in no small way helped to develop the community and people of Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area, mostly in Idogbo the ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT