- The Complete Research Material is averagely 104 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦7,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
Rice(Oryzasativa.L)isanimportantstapleandsourceofincomeforfarmersinNigeria.Currentfertilizerrecommendationsforricedonotcommonlyconsiderfertilizercostrelativetopaddyprice(CP).Theratesneededformaximizingyieldratherthanprofitshavebeenratherestimated.Asthecostoffertilizerincreasesrelativetothepriceofpaddy,thenutrientrateneededtomaximizenetreturns,typicallycalledtheeconomicallyoptimalrate(EOR),isexpectedtodecrease.Tothisend,fertilizertrialswereconductedatWushishiinNigerstateandKadawainKanostatein2015croppingseasonto:quantifytheyieldresponseoflowlandricetonitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumapplications;estimatetheEORatdifferentCP;evaluatethecomponentsofNitrogenUseEfficiency(NUE).ThetrialsconsistedofdifferentratesofN(0,40,80,120,160kg/ha),P(0,7.5,15,22.5kg/ha)andK(0,10,20,30kg/ha)arrangedinanincompletefactorialcombinationandlaidoutinarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwiththreereplicates.Atplotlevel,paddyyieldandcomponentsofyieldweremeasured.MeanyieldwithoutnitrogeninKadawaandWushishiwere2.6and5.05tons/harespectively.ThereweresignificantincreasesinyieldwithNapplicationinbothlocations.Paddyyieldwasincreasedby3tons/hainWushishiwiththeapplicationof80kg/haofN.Similarly,40kg/haproducedmaximumpaddyyieldof3.55tons/hainKadawa.Estimatedoptimumnitrogenratesfromasymptoticnon-linearregressionmodelwere114kg/haand106kg/haforWushishiandKadawarespectively.AstheCPincreased,therangeofprofitabilityandEORdecreased.InKadawa,EORrangedfrom61to32kgha-1ofNatCPof2to10.ValuesforEORwere82to49kg/haforCPof2to10forWushishi.YieldwasnotsignificantlyincreasedwithPandKapplicationsinbothlocations.AgronomicEfficiency(AE)andPartialFactorProductivitydecreasedwithincreasingNrateinbothlocations.InWushishi,AEandPFPatCPof2were32.6kg/kgand95.6kg/kgrespectively.Similarly,AEandPFPatCPof2inKadawawere15.1kg/kgand59.6kg/kgrespectively.NitrogenfertilizationwasobservedtobemoreprofitableinWushishiduetogreatercropresponse.ApplyingNitrogenateconomicallyoptimalratecanhelpreduceexpenditureonfertilizerwhilemaximizingprofitsforricegrowers.Environmentalpollutionscommonlyassociatedwithnitrogenfertilizationcanalsobereduced.
CHAPTERONE
1.0INTRODUCTION
Rice(OryzasativaL.)isanimportantstapleformorethanhalfoftheworld’spopulation.It
accountsfor18.99%ofcalorie,1.83%offatand12.73%ofproteinintakeperday(FAOSTAT,
2011).Thedemandforricemayincreaseby60%by2025(Fageriaetal.,2003).Thedemandfor
riceisgrowingparticularlyinsub-SaharanAfricaduetorapidpopulationgrowth,consumer
preferenceandrisingincome.Nigeriaisthelargestconsumerofriceinsub-SaharanAfricawith
anestimateddemandof6.7millionmetrictonsofmilledrice(USDA,2017).Productionis
estimatedat3.8millionmetrictonsofmilledriceandhasfailedtokeeppacewiththegrowing
demandresultingtotheimportationof2.6millionmetrictonsofmilledricetofillthegap.
(USDA,2017).
LowyieldhasbeenidentifiedasmajorconstrainttoriceproductioninNigeriawhereaverage
yieldisestimatedat1.88tonsperhectare(USDA,2017).Soilnutrientdepletionandlow
fertilizerusehavebeencommonlycitedasyieldlimitingfactorsinNigeria(Ezuietal.,2010;
Liverpool-Tasieetal.,2014).Farmersunderstandtheneedtoapplynutrientstotheirlandbut
littleisusedduetotheeconomicandsocialfactorssurroundingaccesstofertilizer.Highcost
anddelayeddeliveryoffertilizeraremajorlimitationstoitsuseinriceproduction.Theexpenses
incurredinprocuringfertilizerinSub-SaharanAfricaaretwotosixtimesthecostinEuropeor
theUnitedStates(Sanchez,2002).Costofimportation,marketinefficienciesandtransportation
costaresomeofthefactorsresponsibleforhighfertilizerprices.Excessivelyhighfertilizercost
usuallyreducestheprofitabilityoffertilizeruse(Kaizzietal.,2012a).
Severalstudieshavereportedsignificantincreaseinyieldofricewithfertilizerapplication.
IshayaandDauda(2010)reportedoptimumyieldof7tons/hawithapplicationof130kg/haof
1
nitrogeninthesudansavanna.Kamaraetal.(2011)observedyieldincreaseof3tons/hawiththe
applicationof100kg/haofNtoNERICAvarieties.InatrialconductedbyJibrinetal.(2010)in
thesudansavanna,120kg/haofNincreasedyieldby62.9%.
1.1StatementofProblem
TheFertilizerrecommendationforallirrigatedlowlandriceinNigeriahasbeen100kg/haN,
60kg/haP2O5and60kg/haK2O(Chudeetal.,2011)withtheassumptionthattheneedfor
appliednutrientsisconstantovervarieties,seasonsanddiverseagro-ecologicalzones.Fertilizer
recommendationsarecommonlydevelopedwithoutconsideringthecostoffertilizerrelativeto
thepriceofpaddytypicallyreferredtoasfertilizercosttopaddypriceratio(CP).Instead,the
fertilizerratesneededtoattainmaximumyieldhaveoftenbeenestimated.TheCPisanindicator
ofhowmuchofanoutputisrequiredtopurchaseakilogramofanutrient(Liverpool-Tasieetal.,
2014).Asthefertilizercostincreasesrelativetopriceofpaddy,theEconomicallyOptimumRate
(EOR),describedasthenutrientrateneededtomaximizenetreturntofertilizeruse,isexpected
todecrease(Wortmannetal.,2007).InNigeria,Liverpool-Tasieetal.(2014)observedthatthe
CPcanbeaslowas1.7andhighas11.2insomeyearsandfarmingsystems.Applyingfertilizer
atexistingrecommendationswhentheCPishighcouldleadtolownetreturnsonfertilizeruse.
Kaizzietal.(2012a)andKaizzietal.(2014)developedregressionequationstorelateCPand
EORformaizeandricerespectively.ThisprovidedameansforestimatingEORatanyCP
value.
Inaddition,Nitrogenisthemostlimitingnutrientinriceproductionasitispronetolossesby
volatilization,leachinganddenitrification(Wortmannetal.,2010).Thehighcostofnitrogenin
thedevelopingworldrequiresthathigheryieldareattainedwithminimumnitrogenfertilization
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
» ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of rural urban migration on agricultural production in Ukwuani Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 65 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE IMPACT OF BAMBOO EXTRACTION IN THE DETOXIFICATION OF COAL RICH SOIL IN UKWU-NZU IN ANIOACHA NORTH L.G.A, DELTA
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Bamboo, the giant grass, is a vernacular term for members of subfamily Bambusoideae of family Poa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 63 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
3. THE EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO VARIETIES OF TOMATOES (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM)
» ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City to invest...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 42 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
4. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GRASS, LEGUME AND THEIR MIXTURE WITH BREWERS' SPENT GRAINS FED TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAMS
» ABSTRACT Four West African Dwarf sheep were used to investigate the effect of brewers’ spent grains supplementation on the utilization of mixed fora...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 66 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
5. POULTRY FARMING: A VERITABLE TOOL FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
» ABSTRACT This project work is primarily designed to provide complete understanding of poultry farming as an economic tool commercial poultry farming i...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 50 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
6. THE IMPACT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF OIL PALM ON THE SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ORUK ANAM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Nigeria ranked sixth among the poorest countries in the world with over 70% of the population liv...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 55 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
7. THE EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON AGRICULTURAL LAND
» ABSTRACT Bush burning removes the natural vegetation cover that protects the soil surface. This exposes the land to the effects of wind and water eros...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 61 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
8. PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN JEMA’A LOCAL AREA KADUNA STATE
» ABSTRACT This study sought to establish youth Participation in Agricultural Activities in Jema’a Local Government of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
9. THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
» Abstract Insurance is needed in order to alleviate the financial losses suffered by policy holders or the general public where the liability under pol...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 59 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
10. ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN ENHANCING FARMERS YIELDS IN CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE
» TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Declaration ii Approval page iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v Table of contents vi List of tables ix Abstract x CHAP...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages |
Instant Download
|
Chapter 1-5 |
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPARTMENT
-
Trending Final Year Project Research Topics
-
15,618 hits | 52 pages | Source: LAW
-
VALIDITY OF CUSTOMARY LAW IN NIGERIA
13,680 hits | 70 pages | Source: LAW
-
THE EFFECT OF EARLY MARRIAGE ON FEMALE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
12,534 hits | 61 pages | Source: EDUCATION
-
IMPACT OF WESTERN EDUCATION IN SOCIETY
12,349 hits | 52 pages | Source: EDUCATION
-
WAYS OF ADOPTING PROMOTION IN CIVIL SERVICE
12,156 hits | 64 pages | Source: ADULT EDUCATION
-
11,655 hits | 62 pages | Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Contact the CodeMint Helpdesk