- The Complete Research Material is averagely 48 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
- Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
- Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
- Full Access Fee: ₦6,000
Get the complete project »
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to determine the growth performance of broiler fed with millet and cassava peelingas a replacement for maize, as well as it potential as an additive on broiler leanness. The optimum level at which maize can be replaced by millet and cassava peeling was also determined. Nutritional compositions of millet and cassava peelingmeal were determined using the standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists protocols. One hundred and one day old chicks of the breed Cobb 500 were obtained and raised on a two phase feeding regime (i.e. starter for 3 weeks and finisher for 4 weeks). During the finisher phase they were fed different treatment diets. In the first trial the treatment diets were formulated such that maize was replaced with millet and cassava peeling at levels of 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). A standard commercial finisher diet was used as the control (T1). Parameters studied were; voluntary feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), fat pad, breast weight, thigh weight, gizzard weight, meat sensory attributes and preference. In the second trial the standard commercial finisher diet was seeded with cassava peeling meal as an additive at levels of 0 g/kg (T1), 5 g/kg (T2), and 20 g/kg (T3), to study the effects on the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), fat pad, breast weight, thigh weight, gizzard weight, meat sensory attributes. Feed intake was recorded daily while weight gain was recorded weekly. At the end of the feeding trials, 28 broilers were slaughtered at 42 and 49 days old and evaluated for organs weight (thigh, breast, fat pad and gizzard) and average consumer acceptance. The results of this study have shown that the best replacement level of maize with millet and cassava peeling was at 50 %. It was however found that the replacement of maize by millet and cassava peeling can be done up to 100% without producing significantly lower performance (P>0.05) compared to the optimum replacement i.e. at 50%. The study showed that feed manufacturers can use millet and cassava peeling as an energy source in place of the imported maize. From the sensory evaluation trial, all the treatments did not affect the preferences significantly meaning the optimum levels of using millet and cassava peeling pearl(as a substitute for maize) and (as an additive) can safely be recommended without affecting the acceptability and preference of the broiler meat produced.
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... xii
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................................xiii
DECLARATIONS ..................................................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Problem statement ............................................................................................................ 5
1.3. Significance of the study .................................................................................................. 6
1.4. Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1. General Objective ...................................................................................................... 7
1.4.2. Specific Objectives ..................................................................................................... 7
1.5. Hypotheses ........................................................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................ 9
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 9
2.2. An Overview of Namibia and Agricultural Potential ................................................. 11
2.3. Maize and PM production and marketing in Namibia ............................................... 15
2.4. Management, Nutrition and diets of broiler chickens ................................................ 18
2.5. Broiler chicken diet ingredients ................................................................................ 20
2.6. The use of tannins browses in broiler diets .............................................................. 25
CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 29
MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................................... 29
3.1. Location of the study and research materials .......................................................... 29
3.2. Husbandry and Sampling Procedure ....................................................................... 30
3.3. Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 35
3.4. Consumer Scores of Broiler Chicken Meat .............................................................. 36
3.5. Statistical Analysis ...................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................. 40
RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 40
4.1. Growth and carcass performance of broiler chickens when maize is replaced with
PM under Namibian weather conditions. ........................................................................... 40
4.2. Effects of feeding maize-soybean meal based diets with a tanniferous additive (A.
karroo leaf meal) to broiler chickens ................................................................................... 51
4.3. Consumer Sensory Evaluation .................................................................................. 57
CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................................. 60
DISCUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 60
5.1. Growth and carcass performance of broiler chickens when maize is replaced with
PM under Namibian weather conditions ............................................................................ 60
5.2. Effects of feeding maize-soybean meal based diets with a tanniniferous additive (A.
karroo leaf meal) to broiler chickens. .................................................................................. 64
5.3. Consumer Sensory Evaluation .................................................................................. 66
5.4. General Discussion ..................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 6 .............................................................................................................................. 73
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 73
6.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 73
6.2. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 74
CHAPTER 7 .............................................................................................................................. 75
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 75
Appendixes ................................................................................................................................. 96
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
The broiler chicken industry is an important source of animal protein in Nigeria, as evidenced by the increased demand. The major advantage of broiler chicken meat is its lower iron contents (Farrell, 2010), lean meat, as well as more desirable unsaturated fatty acids (Appleby, 2010), therefore, it is perceived as healthy and nutritious as compared to beef and lamb. There are no universally accepted criteria for defining meat quality throughout the world (Monin, 2004). According to Borggaard and Andersen (2004), consumers decide on the quality of the meat which may differ according to culture.
The quality of the broiler chicken meat mainly depends on the quality of the diets fed to live birds. Nutritive value of a specific feed or diet is the function of feed intake and the efficiency of extraction of nutrients from the feed during digestion (Mandal, 1997). Feed intake of nutrients by broiler chickens is a function of the amount of feed eaten and the nutrient levels in the diet (Choct, 2012). Therefore, successful broiler production is dependent upon supplying the birds with feed of the highest achievable quality, in terms of ingredients used, processing procedures applied as well as the form in which the diet is presented to broilers (Arbor Acres, 2009).
The Nigerian poultry industry consists of two main sectors namely egg and meat production. Eggs are produced on commercial scale and broiler meat production was mainly based on subsistence farming. Neither the egg nor the meat production levels realized can satisfy local demand. As a result, Nigeria is a net importer of eggs and chicken meat mainly from South Africa and Brazil. Chicken production in Nigeria is limited by the scarcity and high cost of components used in manufacturing feeds as well as lack of chicken breeding skills among others. Feeds form a greater part of the variable costs of a chicken production operation amounting up to 70-80 % (Louw et al., 2011). Producers with access to alternative feeds which are cheaper and locally available often tend to have economic advantage due to lower costs of production (Nader, 2006). It is therefore, advisable to identify possible ways to reduce the high costs of chicken feeds and one of them could be to replace conventional feed ingredients with cheaper, yet equally efficient, alternatives. This may be achieved by using locally available nonconventional feed stuffs as major components of chicken diets.
In broiler chicken production industry, cereal grains such as maize, sorghum, etc. a
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
-
SIMILAR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS
-
1. THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Agriculture accounts for about 20 percent of GDP, in the African sub region (World Bank, 2005); t...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 22 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
2. THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Nigeria is endowed with natural resources, large fertile farmland, wide range of crops, and river amo...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 91 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
3. ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE USE OF ORGANIC MANURE IN YELLOW PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) PRODUCTION IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE
» ABSTRACT Economic study of the use of organic manure in yellow pepper production in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State was carried out. The s...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 91 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
4. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTAIN (Musa paradisiaca) MARKETING IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT) ABUJA, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT The broad objective of this study was to examine the structure, performance and efficiency of plantain marketing system in FCT Abuja and to d...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 72 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
5. THE MARKETING OF GINGER IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT d' This study dealt on the economic analysis of ginger (Zirrgiher. qf~cinnleIi) marketing in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The specific objectives w...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 75 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
6. A STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN ON FARMING ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA – A CASE STUDY OF OHAOFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STA...
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria, farming activities has had its fare share of inconsistencies and relegation...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
7. ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR QUAIL PRODUCTION IN GWALE AND KANO MUNICIPAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT The Studyassessed the adoption of recommended management practices for quail production in two selected Local Government Areas (Kano municipa...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
8. LAND LEASE MARKET AND ITS EFFECTS ON CROP PRODUCTION IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT This study empirically assessed the effects of land lease market on crop production in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to:...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 78 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
9. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTAIN PRODUCTION IN SAGBAMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
» ABSTRACT The study investigated the profitability and efficiency of plantain production in Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A ...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 82 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
-
10. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FOOD SAFETY AMONG PORK MARKETERS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
» ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine the economic analysis of food safety among pork marketers in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. T...Continue Reading »Item Type & Format: Project Material - Ms Word | 52 pages | Instant Download | Chapter 1-5 | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT