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ABSTRACT
This research work deals with the challenges of internal audit
function in the Nigerian public sector with reference to Kaduna state
ministry of finance. Internal auditing is a process generally adopted
towards ensuring and safeguarding of resources and promoting operational
efficiency in organization. The objective of this study has been to
evaluate the internal control system in the Nigerian public sectors, to
ascertain the non- implementation of routine audit report and the lack
of proper segregation and assignment of duties. In recent times, a
combination of forces has led to a quiet revolution in the profession.
Government moving towards democracy must demonstrate accountability in
the use of public money and efficiency in the delivery of service. In
many cases internal control system are weak, staffs are poorly paid
making them unmotivated, coupled with non implementation of routine
audit report by appropriate authorities. The Responses from staffs were
analyzed using relevant statistical tools from which three hypothesis
were formulated and tested using Z-test statistics, while questionnaire
were analyzed in tabular form using simple percentage. It was discovered
that the internal audit is facing a lot of challenges which includes
inadequate staffing, lack of independence, lack of facilities to carry
out audit function and also poor funding. As a result of some of these
challenges the effectiveness of the internal
audit in the Nigerian public sectors, has been hindered as well as the
organizational change it can bring to its environment. I recommend that
for internal audit to be effective, it must be a completely independent
group, adequately funded and equipped with qualified internal auditors
as well as sufficient opportunities for internal auditors to become
qualified.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The Kaduna state ministry of finance started when the country was
pre-independent in 1958 during the northern region, the ministry of
finance is the custodian of public fund and stores and is therefore
essentially a controlling ministry as opposed to other executing
agencies of the government. The ministry is headed by a commissioner as
the chief executive officer and deputized by the permanent secretary who
is a carrier and servant and is the chief officer of 145 staff
including accounting officers on monthly basis. The ministry consists of
three (3) major departments and seven (7) sub-treasuries.
1. Administration and finance which further sub-divided into stores and verification division.
2. Treasury which is further sub-divided into final accounts and debts
management and ministry of finance Incorporated division and
sub-treasury.
3. Internal audit (state)
1. ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT.
The department is headed by the director and is responsible for the
general administration of the ministry which includes maintenance of
staff records, processing of staff promotion, recruitment training
discipline and welfare etc.
STORES AND VERIFICATION DIVISION.
This division is headed by the chief stores officer who is charged with
the responsibility of purchasing and disturbing of office equipment’s
the ministry of finance is in custody of the public funds and stores,
and is therefore a protective clothing to all government ministries and
department and boarding of
unserviceable equipment/ vehicles.
2. TREASURY DEPARTMENT
This department is headed by the accountant general and is charged with
the responsibility of keeping receipt of government funds banking and
maintenance of bank accounts, disbursement of all approved fund
released, bank reconciliation, control of treasury documents and control
of pooled accounting staff of the state.
MINISTRY OF FINANCE INCRPORATED (MOFI) DIVISION
This division is headed by the deputy director and is responsible for
revenue collection management. Appraisal of investment opportunity for
government, management, of investment of government companies and
ensuring the receipts of dividend and other funds due to government.
FINAL ACCOUNT AND DEBT MANAGEMENT DIVISION
The division is headed by the deputy director and is responsible for the
collection and accounting data from ministry department, analysis of
accountant-general’s reports, maintenance of external internal loan
records and supervision of the state computer center.
3. INTERNAL AUDIT DEPARTMENT (STATE)
The department is headed by the director and is charged with the
responsibility of drawing up of internal controls and checks ensuring
the adherence to the administrative and finance controls, investigation
of fraud and other malpractices.
SUB-TREASURY
There are seven (7) sub-treasuries located at Kaduna, Zaria, Ikara,
Saminaka, Kafanchan, Kachia and Birnin gwari. They are charged with the
responsibility of collecting revenue and payment of pension.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Internal audit had been defined “as an independent appraisal function
established within an organization to examine and evaluate its
activities as a service to the organization”. Internal auditing is a
process generally adopted towards ensuring and safeguarding of resources
and promoting operational efficiency in organizations. The
responsibilities for effective internal auditing normally rest on with
the internal auditors who in turn rely a great deal on the soundness and
effectiveness of internal control system.
The business world is developing so in the complex nature of the organizations.
This complexity of modern organizations and hence the management has led
to the much broader role at the internal audit. The role of internal
audit is fast moving from mere checking of documents and physical duties
to analyzing the ability of organization to react to changing
circumstances.
Auditing for the public sector is aimed at prevention of mistakes,
shortcomings and misdeeds in the public administration. The internal
audit has become a good control measures that can foretell all the
incidence of fraud and misappropriation of fund in government ministries
if properly put in place.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Many business organizations are rapidly assuming complexity resulting to
remarkable reliance to internal audit and management as a wider range
area of control.
In spite of the existence of internal audit departments in
organizations, it is often argued that the rate of fraud and misdeeds is
still on the increase, particularly in the public sector. Some people
argues that the internal auditors are creating more problems than they
are solving, others see it as tools for witch-hunting and therefore sees
them as unnecessary evil.
The internal control system in Nigeria public sector may be insufficient based on some predicaments.
1. Lack of proper segregation and proper assignment of duties as well as
shortage of qualified staff to carry out internal audit and accounting
duties.
2. Lack of implementation of routing audit report by appropriate authorities.
3. Inadequacy of internal control system leading to improper investigation.
The above reasons greatly affect the effectiveness of internal audit in
the public sector. This gives the researcher the impetus for undertaking
a study on this study with a view coming up with solution of those
challenges.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of this research is to outline the specific task to be set
out towards achieving the purpose of a research problem. However,
appears to be inhibiting the proper discharge of the role of internal
auditing in the Nigerian public sector due to the necessity for public
Accountability. Many people do not know why internal audit department
should exist and it should be part of internal control in public
organization.
The research project is expected to achieve the following objectives:
1. To ascertain the lack of proper segregation and proper assignment of
duties as well as shortages of staffs to carry out audit duties.
2. To ascertain reasons for improper implementation of routine audit report by appropriate authorities.
3. To evaluate the internal control system in the Nigerian public sector.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following are the various research questions. They are as follows:
1. Are there challenges of internal audit function in the Nigerian public sector?
2. Are the impacts of Nigerian public sectors on the internal audit function?
3. Can public organization do with an internal audit function?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses were found relevant to the above stated problems and objectives, and thus tested in this study.
Hypothesis i:
HO: The inadequacy of the internal control system in Kaduna state
ministry of finances not the motive for the trials of the internal
audit.
HI: The inadequacy of the internal control system in Kaduna state
ministry of finance is the motive for the trials of the internal audit.
Hypothesis ii:
HO: The lack of proper segregation and assignment of duties as well as
shortages of staff to carry out audit duties does not influence the
effectiveness of the internal audit.
HI: The lack of proper segregation and assignment of duties as well as
shortages of staff to carry out audit duties influences the
effectiveness of the internal audit.
Hypothesis iii:
HO: The lack no of implementation of routine audit report by appropriate authorities.
HI: There is lack of implementation of routine audit report by appropriate authorities.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The project intended to bring to light the challenges of internal audits
department in the Nigerian public sector with a view of coming up with
possible ways to overcome such challenges.
The research work will be of vital importance to the government,
bringing to light the challenges hampering the efficiency of the
internal audit and how these challenges can be tackled.
The research work will also be of significance to the management or head
of department of various government ministries and public corporations
so as to see the importance of effective internal control system and the
discharge of their responsibilities to the internal auditors as a
yardstick to improve organizational performance. It is also necessary
for the internal auditors to understand their loopholes so that
necessary adjustments could be made to enhance their efficiency.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this research work in the Nigerian public sectors as a
whole specifically the internal audit and accounting department, with
particular interest in the Kaduna state ministry of finance.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The limitation to this research work is the lack of adequate information
from the senior staff of the ministry considering such information as
“Top Secret”. In ability to have access to vital documents in the
ministry considering such document as confidential.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
In every study, there are some terms that are frequently used; also in
the course of this study the following terms relating to the subject
matter will frequently be used.
FRAUD: This is defined as criminal deception in an act of acquiring other people money kept in one’s possession deceitfully.
INTERNAL AUDIT: A.H. Millichamp defined internal audit as “an
independent appraisal function within an organization for the review
system of control and quality of performance as a service to the
organization”. The objective is to examine, evaluate and report on the
adequacy of internal control as a contribution to the proper economic
efficient and effective use of resources.
INTERNAL CONTROL: Internal control is the whole system of control,
financial and otherwise, established by management in order to carry on
with the business to an enterprise in an orderly manner, ensure
adherence to management policies, safeguard its asset and secure as far
as possible the completeness, accuracy and reliability of books and
other records.
INTRENAL CHECK: Internal check is the aggregate of the check and balance
imposed on the day to day transactions in an organization where by the
work of one person are verified independently by or is complementary to
the work of one another.
MINISTRY OF FINANCE: This is a ministry that is responsible for the administration of government finance [public fund].
PUBLIC SECTOR: consist of all organization whose control lies in the
hands of the public and whose objective involves the provision of
services where profit is not the primary motive.
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